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Reproduction Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Homologues:
Testes

Penis

Scrotum

Spongy Urethra

Prostate

A

Ovaries

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Skeens gland

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2
Q

Name the homologues:
Cowper’s glands

Bladder

Urethra

A

Bartholin’s glands

Bladder

Urethra, Lower vagina

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3
Q

Name the Homologues:
Ovaries

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Skeens gland

A

Testes

Penis

Scrotum

Spongy Urethra

Prostate

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4
Q

Name the homologues:
Bartholin’s glands

Bladder

Urethra, Lower vagina

A

Cowper’s glands

Bladder

Urethra

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5
Q

Name the homologues of the Gonads:

A

Testes

Ovaries

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6
Q

Name the homologues of the Genital tubercle:

A

Penis

Clitoris

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7
Q

Name the homologues of the Urethral swellings:

A

Scrotum

Labia majora

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8
Q

Name the homologues of the Urethral folds:

A

Spongy urethra

Labia minora

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9
Q

Name the 4 homologues of the Urogenital sinus:

A

Prostate - Skeens glands

Cowper’s glands - Bartholin’s glands

Bladder - Bladder

Urethra - Urethra, L vagina

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10
Q

Name 2 glands that have lubricative function inside the labia minora?

A

Skeens

Bartholins

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11
Q

The paramesonephric ducts are called what in females?

In males?

A

Mullerian ducts

Wolffian ducts

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12
Q

What do the paramesonephric ducts develop into in females?

4 things

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, inner 1/3 vagina

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13
Q

The anterior (distal) 2/3 of the Vagina develops from what?

A

Urogenital sinus

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14
Q

What developmental structure becomes the Clitoris and the Head of the Penis?

A

Genital tubercle

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15
Q

What is the sex determining region on the Y chromosome?

What part of the Y chromosome is the found on?

A

SRY gene

Short arm

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16
Q

In the absence of the _____, female development is established.

A

SRY (Sex determining region - Y chromo)

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17
Q

What is the testis-determining factor?

A

SRY

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18
Q

Where do germ cells first develop?

Where do they migrate?

Where does migration terminate?

A

Wall of yolk sac - near allantois

Along mesentery of hindgut

Gonadal ridges 
(then penetrate into the primitive gonad)
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19
Q

What forms the primitive sex cords?

A

Genital ridge epithelial proliferation

*penetrates underlying mesenchyme

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20
Q

What do sex cords mature into in females?

A

Follicles

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21
Q

What defines Imperforate Hymen of the neonate?

A

Mucocolpos

*white membrane

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22
Q

What is a common complication of the Mucocolpos seen in Imperforate Hymen of the neonate?

A

Urethral compression leads to infection/obstruction

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23
Q

Describe Adolescent Imperforate Hymen.

3 things

A

Primary Amenorrhea (no period)

Absent Secondary Sex characteristics

Cyclic pain

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24
Q

What are 4 consequences of Adolescent Imperforate Hymen?

A

Hematometrocolpos (bluish, distended)

Endometriosis

Hematosalpinx

Pyocolpos (ascending infection)

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25
What drug can cause Vaginal Adenosis (glandular disease) in the daughters of users?
DES - Diethylstilbesterol * exposed in utero * *used to prevent miscarriage
26
At the level of the tissue, what has occurred in Vaginal Adenosis due to DES exposure?
Squamous epithelium never replaces Glandular developmental epithelium (latter epithelium resembles that of endocervix, fallopian tube, endometrium) *red, granular patches - usually disappear as woman ages
27
99% of time DES causes.... Minority of time causes...
Vaginal Adenosis Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
28
Malpositioning of the 2 paramesonephric ducts leads to what 3 types of Uterine Malformations?
Bicornis (septate) Uterus (wall in middle - didn't degenerate) ``` Uterus Didelphys (double uterus, double vagina) ``` Uterus Septae (partial septum)
29
Describe normal cervical histology:
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
30
Describe the normal Vaginal mucosa:
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Connective tissue Transverse folds called Rugae
31
What type of muscle is in the Vagina?
Smooth
32
Why does the vaginal mucosa contain large amounts of glycogen?
Biotics metabolize and maintain low pH through creation of organic acids
33
Name 4 components of the Vulva:
Mons pubis - covered with pubic hair Labia majora - adipose and sweat glands Labia minora - no sweat, many sebaceous glands Clitoris - erectile, exposed glans
34
What gland is found in the vestibule between the labia minora?
Skenes Glands - mucous secreting *homologues to Prostate
35
What 2 small glands are found on either side of the vaginal orifice that produce secretions during sex?
Bartholin's glands *homologue to Bulbourethral/Cowpers glands
36
What are the 2 layers of the Endometrium? Which is proliferative? Which is shed?
Stratum Functionalis (shed) Stratum Basalis (proliferative) **Basalis regenerates the Functionalis
37
What is the capsule of collagenous connective tissue immediately deep to the germinal epithelia in Ovaries?
Tunica Albuginea
38
What type of mature ovum and its surrounding tissues secrete estrogen within the ovary?
Graafian Follicle
39
A Graafian follicle represents what stage of maturity within the Ovary?
Most mature
40
Both vulvar and vaginal cancers tend to affect what demographic?
Older women
41
Vulvar cancers (making up 3% of all GYN cancers) are almost always what type? Vaginal cancers (making up 2% of GYN cancers) are 90% what type?
Squamous cell carcinomas Squamous cel carcinomas
42
Carcinoma in Situ precedes invasive ________ in Vulva carcinoma
Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia
43
How does carcinoma of the Vulva usually present?
Gross inspection wart-like, slightly raised mucosal lesions/ulcers
44
Preneoplastic lesions of the Vulva may lead to what invasive cancer?
Leukoplakia
45
If vaginal tumor is confined (Stage I), what is the 5 year survival rate? What is the 5 year survival rate if it spreads (Stage IV)?
80% 20%
46
What are the 4 risk factors for Cervical squamous cell carcinoma?
Sexual intercourse early Multiple sex partners HPV Other STI's - Herpes, Syphylis (environmental)
47
What is the most common cause of death in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix?
Renal Failure *from Urinary tract obstruction
48
What is the median age of diagnosis of Cervical carcinoma? What is the median age of CIS?
50 35
49
What is the location of the Skenes Glands? Location Bartholins glands? What are the alternative names to these glands?
Either side urethra (lesser Vetibular glands) Either side vaginal orifice (greater Vestibular glands)
50
What is the abnormal growth of vulvar skin with white plaques, atrophy, and parchment consistency? (additionally there is a contracture of the vulvar tissue) When is this usually seen?
Lichen sclerosis Older women
51
Where is milk produced within the breast?
Alveoli (grapelike clusters) within lobules within lobes
52
How many lobes are in each breast? What are in the lobes?
15-20 Lobules (and alveoli)
53
What keeps the breast firm?
Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper
54
Where are the Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper?
Between Lobules within the Lobe Connect Skin to Deep Fascia
55
In what outer structure close to the nipple is milk stored? What ducts lead to the nipple?
Ampullae Lactiferous ducts
56
Where does milk flow after produced by the Alveoli?
Mammary ducts
57
Trace the ducts through the breast:
Mammary > Ampullae > Lactiferous
58
What are the 3 layers of the Uterus?
Serosa - outer layer (mesothelial derivation) Myometrium - middle smooth muscle Endometrium - Functionalis and Basalis
59
What does the Uterine Serosa become laterally?
Broad ligament
60
Why is the Cervical Transformation Zone of concern?
Cells change - most common place for abnormal cells to develop *abrupt change from Stratified Squamous Epithelium to Columnar from Ecto to Endo-cervix

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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