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Tim's Cards > Reproduction Test 1 > Flashcards

Reproduction Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Homologues:
Testes

Penis

Scrotum

Spongy Urethra

Prostate

A

Ovaries

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Skeens gland

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2
Q

Name the homologues:
Cowper’s glands

Bladder

Urethra

A

Bartholin’s glands

Bladder

Urethra, Lower vagina

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3
Q

Name the Homologues:
Ovaries

Clitoris

Labia majora

Labia minora

Skeens gland

A

Testes

Penis

Scrotum

Spongy Urethra

Prostate

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4
Q

Name the homologues:
Bartholin’s glands

Bladder

Urethra, Lower vagina

A

Cowper’s glands

Bladder

Urethra

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5
Q

Name the homologues of the Gonads:

A

Testes

Ovaries

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6
Q

Name the homologues of the Genital tubercle:

A

Penis

Clitoris

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7
Q

Name the homologues of the Urethral swellings:

A

Scrotum

Labia majora

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8
Q

Name the homologues of the Urethral folds:

A

Spongy urethra

Labia minora

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9
Q

Name the 4 homologues of the Urogenital sinus:

A

Prostate - Skeens glands

Cowper’s glands - Bartholin’s glands

Bladder - Bladder

Urethra - Urethra, L vagina

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10
Q

Name 2 glands that have lubricative function inside the labia minora?

A

Skeens

Bartholins

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11
Q

The paramesonephric ducts are called what in females?

In males?

A

Mullerian ducts

Wolffian ducts

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12
Q

What do the paramesonephric ducts develop into in females?

4 things

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, inner 1/3 vagina

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13
Q

The anterior (distal) 2/3 of the Vagina develops from what?

A

Urogenital sinus

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14
Q

What developmental structure becomes the Clitoris and the Head of the Penis?

A

Genital tubercle

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15
Q

What is the sex determining region on the Y chromosome?

What part of the Y chromosome is the found on?

A

SRY gene

Short arm

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16
Q

In the absence of the _____, female development is established.

A

SRY (Sex determining region - Y chromo)

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17
Q

What is the testis-determining factor?

A

SRY

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18
Q

Where do germ cells first develop?

Where do they migrate?

Where does migration terminate?

A

Wall of yolk sac - near allantois

Along mesentery of hindgut

Gonadal ridges 
(then penetrate into the primitive gonad)
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19
Q

What forms the primitive sex cords?

A

Genital ridge epithelial proliferation

*penetrates underlying mesenchyme

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20
Q

What do sex cords mature into in females?

A

Follicles

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21
Q

What defines Imperforate Hymen of the neonate?

A

Mucocolpos

*white membrane

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22
Q

What is a common complication of the Mucocolpos seen in Imperforate Hymen of the neonate?

A

Urethral compression leads to infection/obstruction

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23
Q

Describe Adolescent Imperforate Hymen.

3 things

A

Primary Amenorrhea (no period)

Absent Secondary Sex characteristics

Cyclic pain

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24
Q

What are 4 consequences of Adolescent Imperforate Hymen?

A

Hematometrocolpos (bluish, distended)

Endometriosis

Hematosalpinx

Pyocolpos (ascending infection)

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25
Q

What drug can cause Vaginal Adenosis (glandular disease) in the daughters of users?

A

DES - Diethylstilbesterol

  • exposed in utero
  • *used to prevent miscarriage
26
Q

At the level of the tissue, what has occurred in Vaginal Adenosis due to DES exposure?

A

Squamous epithelium never replaces Glandular developmental epithelium

(latter epithelium resembles that of endocervix, fallopian tube, endometrium)

*red, granular patches - usually disappear as woman ages

27
Q

99% of time DES causes….

Minority of time causes…

A

Vaginal Adenosis

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

28
Q

Malpositioning of the 2 paramesonephric ducts leads to what 3 types of Uterine Malformations?

A

Bicornis (septate) Uterus
(wall in middle - didn’t degenerate)

Uterus Didelphys 
(double uterus, double vagina)

Uterus Septae
(partial septum)

29
Q

Describe normal cervical histology:

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

30
Q

Describe the normal Vaginal mucosa:

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Connective tissue

Transverse folds called Rugae

31
Q

What type of muscle is in the Vagina?

A

Smooth

32
Q

Why does the vaginal mucosa contain large amounts of glycogen?

A

Biotics metabolize and maintain low pH through creation of organic acids

33
Q

Name 4 components of the Vulva:

A

Mons pubis - covered with pubic hair

Labia majora - adipose and sweat glands

Labia minora - no sweat, many sebaceous glands

Clitoris - erectile, exposed glans

34
Q

What gland is found in the vestibule between the labia minora?

A

Skenes Glands - mucous secreting

*homologues to Prostate

35
Q

What 2 small glands are found on either side of the vaginal orifice that produce secretions during sex?

A

Bartholin’s glands

*homologue to Bulbourethral/Cowpers glands

36
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Endometrium?

Which is proliferative?

Which is shed?

A

Stratum Functionalis (shed)

Stratum Basalis (proliferative)

**Basalis regenerates the Functionalis

37
Q

What is the capsule of collagenous connective tissue immediately deep to the germinal epithelia in Ovaries?

A

Tunica Albuginea

38
Q

What type of mature ovum and its surrounding tissues secrete estrogen within the ovary?

A

Graafian Follicle

39
Q

A Graafian follicle represents what stage of maturity within the Ovary?

A

Most mature

40
Q

Both vulvar and vaginal cancers tend to affect what demographic?

A

Older women

41
Q

Vulvar cancers (making up 3% of all GYN cancers) are almost always what type?

Vaginal cancers (making up 2% of GYN cancers) are 90% what type?

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

Squamous cel carcinomas

42
Q

Carcinoma in Situ precedes invasive ________ in Vulva carcinoma

A

Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia

43
Q

How does carcinoma of the Vulva usually present?

A

Gross inspection wart-like, slightly raised mucosal lesions/ulcers

44
Q

Preneoplastic lesions of the Vulva may lead to what invasive cancer?

A

Leukoplakia

45
Q

If vaginal tumor is confined (Stage I), what is the 5 year survival rate?

What is the 5 year survival rate if it spreads (Stage IV)?

A

80%

20%

46
Q

What are the 4 risk factors for Cervical squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Sexual intercourse early

Multiple sex partners

HPV

Other STI’s - Herpes, Syphylis (environmental)

47
Q

What is the most common cause of death in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix?

A

Renal Failure

*from Urinary tract obstruction

48
Q

What is the median age of diagnosis of Cervical carcinoma?

What is the median age of CIS?

A

50

35

49
Q

What is the location of the Skenes Glands?

Location Bartholins glands?

What are the alternative names to these glands?

A

Either side urethra (lesser Vetibular glands)

Either side vaginal orifice (greater Vestibular glands)

50
Q

What is the abnormal growth of vulvar skin with white plaques, atrophy, and parchment consistency?

(additionally there is a contracture of the vulvar tissue)

When is this usually seen?

A

Lichen sclerosis

Older women

51
Q

Where is milk produced within the breast?

A

Alveoli (grapelike clusters) within lobules within lobes

52
Q

How many lobes are in each breast?

What are in the lobes?

A

15-20

Lobules (and alveoli)

53
Q

What keeps the breast firm?

A

Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper

54
Q

Where are the Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper?

A

Between Lobules within the Lobe

Connect Skin to Deep Fascia

55
Q

In what outer structure close to the nipple is milk stored?

What ducts lead to the nipple?

A

Ampullae

Lactiferous ducts

56
Q

Where does milk flow after produced by the Alveoli?

A

Mammary ducts

57
Q

Trace the ducts through the breast:

A

Mammary > Ampullae > Lactiferous

58
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Uterus?

A

Serosa - outer layer (mesothelial derivation)

Myometrium - middle smooth muscle

Endometrium - Functionalis and Basalis

59
Q

What does the Uterine Serosa become laterally?

A

Broad ligament

60
Q

Why is the Cervical Transformation Zone of concern?

A

Cells change - most common place for abnormal cells to develop

*abrupt change from Stratified Squamous Epithelium to Columnar from Ecto to Endo-cervix

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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