Socialisation and participation Flashcards
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or minority group
Stereotyping
A standardised image ; making simple generalisations about all members of a group
Prejudice
To form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts
Society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
What is Primary Socialisation
Socialisation in early years of childhood that involves immediate family
What is Secondary socialisation
Socialisation that occurs in teenage years through influence of peer groups, friends and school
Gender socialisation
The act of learning to conform to culturally desired gender roles through socialisation
Social Change
An alteration in the social order of a society
Social control
The regulation of people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour in social systems
Social issues
Problems that affect many people within a society
Social inequality
The unfair situation where resources or opportunity are distributed unevenly within a society
What are the Causes of inequality in sports participation?
Lack of Money
Lack of Role models
Myths/stereotypes
Lack of Confidence
MR MC
Social stratification
where society is divided on the basis of social characteristics such as class and wealth
Equal opportunities
The right to access the same opportunities regardless of factors like race, age, sex, mental or physical capability
what % of sports offer unequal prize money for men and women
30%
what % of total commercial investment are in women sports
0.4%
When does social change occur?
When institutions readjust to meet new needs of groups in society
What are the causes of social stratification?
(3)
Low income families so less money to spend on sports equipment
Low income families tend to be poorer health, undermining physical ability
Some schools may have better/ more facilities than others
What is social action theory?
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
Explain the social action theory
People can intervene in social processes and protest the norm
What is Sport England’s diversity and equality policies? (3)
Develop a culture than enables and values everyone involvement
Create equal opportunity environment
Overcome potential; barriers to sport
Name the 2 types of discrimination
Overt discrimination
Covert discrimination
What is overt discrimination?
Visible and obvious discrimination
What is covert discrimination?
Hidden/ less obvious
What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of health?
Increases fitness
Lower body weight
Lower Bp and stress
Raised self esteem
What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of their social ability?
Improved social skills
Improved ability to make friends
What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of crime?
More positive use of free time
What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of economics?
Increased spending on healthy pursuits
What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of health?
Less NHS strain
Lower obesity rate
What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of Socially?
Increased community integration
Improved community morale
What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of Crime?
Less time off work
Higher productivity
What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of economics?
More money put into economy via leisure spending
What are the general barriers to participation?
(6)
Time
Income
Motivation
Experiences
Education (Myths and stereotypes)
Skill
TIMEES
What are some general solutions to barriers of participation? (4)
Add physical activity to daily routine
Invite family or friends
Do activities that require no specialist equipment/facility
Perform low skill activities like running
What are some barriers to participation for disabled groups? (7)
Low self confidence
Low income
Lack of access
Lack of programmes
Low media coverage and role models
Myths/stereotypes
Lack of specialist coaches, clubs and equipment
What are some solutions to increase disabled participation in sport? (8)
Provide more opportunities for success
Increase investment
Improve accessibility
Improve tech
Improve media coverage and role models
Train specialist coaches
Educate on myths and stereotypes
Exclusive sports
Define racism
Beliefs or ideas that certain races have superiority over others
Define stacking
Uneven distribution of ethnic minorities in certain positions in sport based on stereotypes
Define channelling
Pushing ethnic minorities into certain sports based on assumptions
What are the barriers to participation for ethnic minorities in sport? (7)
Conflict with cultural/ religious commitments (sunday league)
Higher place on education than sport
Fear of racism/abuse
Few role models
Low self esteem
Stereotypes/ channeling
Language barriers
What are some solutions to barriers for ethnic minorities? (5)
Train more ethnic coaches, teachers and sport leaders
Ensure single sex provision to fit cultural requirements (muslim)
Severe racism punishments
Campaigns against racism
Educate against discrimination
What is the Rooney Rule?
National football teams in the US must interview minorities for head coaching and senior operations jobs
What are the barriers to participation for women in sport? (9)
Stereotypes and myths
Less media coverage and role models
Fewer sponsorship opportunities
Impact of school PE curriculum
Low self confidence
Lack of leisure time
Lack of income
Channeling into female “appropriate” sports
Fewer leagues, clubs and comps
OR
Time
Role models
Income
Pe programmes
Sponsors
TRIPS
What are some some solutions to resolve female barriers to participation? (6)
Enforce laws for sex discrimination
Shared domestic responsibilities/ increase childcare facilities
Increased media coverage and therefore role models
Increased sponsorship to sport
Provide education against myths
Provide more sporting opportunity via clubs
What are the health benefits of sport?
Decrease heart disease risk
Decrease risk of stroke
Decreased diabetes risk
Decrease cancer risk
Improve mental health
What are the fitness benefits of sport?
Improve posture
Improved cardiovascular fitness
Improved muscular strength
Improved flexibility
Improved agility
Improved speed and power
Improved reaction time
What are the social benefits of sport
Raised serotonin levels so increased emotional state
Improved sleep patterns
Boosts mood
Make friends
