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AQA A level PE Year 1+2 > Socialisation and participation > Flashcards

Socialisation and participation Flashcards

1
Q

Discrimination

A

The unfair treatment of a person or minority group

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2
Q

Stereotyping

A

A standardised image ; making simple generalisations about all members of a group

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3
Q

Prejudice

A

To form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts

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4
Q

Society

A

An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest

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5
Q

Socialisation

A

A lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society

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6
Q

What is Primary Socialisation

A

Socialisation in early years of childhood that involves immediate family

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7
Q

What is Secondary socialisation

A

Socialisation that occurs in teenage years through influence of peer groups, friends and school

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8
Q

Gender socialisation

A

The act of learning to conform to culturally desired gender roles through socialisation

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9
Q

Social Change

A

An alteration in the social order of a society

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10
Q

Social control

A

The regulation of people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour in social systems

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11
Q

Social issues

A

Problems that affect many people within a society

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12
Q

Social inequality

A

The unfair situation where resources or opportunity are distributed unevenly within a society

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13
Q

What are the Causes of inequality in sports participation?

A

Lack of Money
Lack of Role models
Myths/stereotypes
Lack of Confidence

MR MC

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14
Q

Social stratification

A

where society is divided on the basis of social characteristics such as class and wealth

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15
Q

Equal opportunities

A

The right to access the same opportunities regardless of factors like race, age, sex, mental or physical capability

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16
Q

what % of sports offer unequal prize money for men and women

A

30%

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17
Q

what % of total commercial investment are in women sports

A

0.4%

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18
Q

When does social change occur?

A

When institutions readjust to meet new needs of groups in society

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19
Q

What are the causes of social stratification?
(3)

A

Low income families so less money to spend on sports equipment

Low income families tend to be poorer health, undermining physical ability

Some schools may have better/ more facilities than others

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20
Q

What is social action theory?

A

A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action

21
Q

Explain the social action theory

A

People can intervene in social processes and protest the norm

22
Q

What is Sport England’s diversity and equality policies? (3)

A

Develop a culture than enables and values everyone involvement

Create equal opportunity environment

Overcome potential; barriers to sport

23
Q

Name the 2 types of discrimination

A

Overt discrimination

Covert discrimination

24
Q

What is overt discrimination?

A

Visible and obvious discrimination

25
Q

What is covert discrimination?

A

Hidden/ less obvious

26
Q

What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of health?

A

Increases fitness
Lower body weight
Lower Bp and stress
Raised self esteem

27
Q

What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of their social ability?

A

Improved social skills

Improved ability to make friends

28
Q

What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of crime?

A

More positive use of free time

29
Q

What are the individual benefits to raising participation in terms of economics?

A

Increased spending on healthy pursuits

30
Q

What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of health?

A

Less NHS strain

Lower obesity rate

31
Q

What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of Socially?

A

Increased community integration

Improved community morale

32
Q

What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of Crime?

A

Less time off work

Higher productivity

33
Q

What are the sociological benefits to raising participation in terms of economics?

A

More money put into economy via leisure spending

34
Q

What are the general barriers to participation?
(6)

A

Time
Income
Motivation
Experiences
Education (Myths and stereotypes)
Skill

TIMEES

35
Q

What are some general solutions to barriers of participation? (4)

A

Add physical activity to daily routine

Invite family or friends

Do activities that require no specialist equipment/facility

Perform low skill activities like running

36
Q

What are some barriers to participation for disabled groups? (7)

A

Low self confidence

Low income

Lack of access

Lack of programmes

Low media coverage and role models

Myths/stereotypes

Lack of specialist coaches, clubs and equipment

37
Q

What are some solutions to increase disabled participation in sport? (8)

A

Provide more opportunities for success

Increase investment

Improve accessibility

Improve tech

Improve media coverage and role models

Train specialist coaches

Educate on myths and stereotypes

Exclusive sports

38
Q

Define racism

A

Beliefs or ideas that certain races have superiority over others

39
Q

Define stacking

A

Uneven distribution of ethnic minorities in certain positions in sport based on stereotypes

40
Q

Define channelling

A

Pushing ethnic minorities into certain sports based on assumptions

41
Q

What are the barriers to participation for ethnic minorities in sport? (7)

A

Conflict with cultural/ religious commitments (sunday league)

Higher place on education than sport

Fear of racism/abuse

Few role models

Low self esteem

Stereotypes/ channeling

Language barriers

42
Q

What are some solutions to barriers for ethnic minorities? (5)

A

Train more ethnic coaches, teachers and sport leaders

Ensure single sex provision to fit cultural requirements (muslim)

Severe racism punishments

Campaigns against racism

Educate against discrimination

43
Q

What is the Rooney Rule?

A

National football teams in the US must interview minorities for head coaching and senior operations jobs

44
Q

What are the barriers to participation for women in sport? (9)

A

Stereotypes and myths

Less media coverage and role models

Fewer sponsorship opportunities

Impact of school PE curriculum

Low self confidence

Lack of leisure time

Lack of income

Channeling into female “appropriate” sports

Fewer leagues, clubs and comps

OR
Time
Role models
Income
Pe programmes
Sponsors

TRIPS

45
Q

What are some some solutions to resolve female barriers to participation? (6)

A

Enforce laws for sex discrimination

Shared domestic responsibilities/ increase childcare facilities

Increased media coverage and therefore role models

Increased sponsorship to sport

Provide education against myths

Provide more sporting opportunity via clubs

46
Q

What are the health benefits of sport?

A

Decrease heart disease risk

Decrease risk of stroke

Decreased diabetes risk

Decrease cancer risk

Improve mental health

47
Q

What are the fitness benefits of sport?

A

Improve posture
Improved cardiovascular fitness
Improved muscular strength
Improved flexibility
Improved agility
Improved speed and power
Improved reaction time

48
Q

What are the social benefits of sport

A

Raised serotonin levels so increased emotional state

Improved sleep patterns

Boosts mood

Make friends

AQA A level PE Year 1+2 (81 decks)

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