Skills ac - methods of practice Flashcards
What 3 sections can practice be organised into
Skill, environment, breaks
What ways can practice be organised into skills
Whole, part, whole - part - whole, progressive part
What is whole practice
Practice by doing the total or complete or entire movement/not breaking skill into subroutines or parts
What is part practice
Practise by splitting or breaking down skill into subroutines or sections
What are positive evaluation points for whole practice
Quickest
Helps overall understanding and development of mental picture
Helps interpret environment – Open skills
(associative/autonomous)
Good for simple skills due to low levels of complexity
Can be good for fitness development
Good for discrete skills
What are negative evaluation points for whole practice
Can be too difficult to learn for beginners as a whole (cognitive)
Can be tiring if physically demanding skill – Gross skills
Can be dangerous if performer is a beginner (cognitive)
Difficult to refine or identify errors – High in organisation
Not suited to learning complex skills – Complex
Could result in a loss of confidence
What are positive evaluation points for part practice
Limits information to process so less demanding for beginners (cognitive) – Good for complex skills.
Raises confidence or esteem/ motivates.
(cognitive)
Good for performers with limited attention.
Improves safety in dangerous skills. (cognitive)
Good for serial or skills low in organisation as sub routines can be isolated.
Can avoid effects of fatigue.
What are negative evaluation points for part practice
Lack of awareness of end product (cognitive) & kinaesthetic sense.
Can limit mental image creation for beginners (cognitive).
Can lead to a lack of rhythm, fluency or timing.
Takes more time to learn each sub-routine.
Unsuitable for highly organised skills as sub-routines can’t be isolated.
Transfer from part to whole may be ineffective.
What is whole part whole practice
Practice the complete skill, then split it into subroutines, and then practice complete skill again
What is progressive part practice
Practice in stages that are linked or chained
What are positive evaluation points of whole part whole practice
Correct specific faults in the performance of open skills
What are negative evaluation points of whole part whole practice
Time consuming
What are positive evaluation points for progressive part practice
Helps with complex or serial tasks
Allows for chaining of sub-routines
Easier transfer to whole practice
What are negative evaluation points for progressive part practice
Time consuming
Performer may be overly concerned with mastering one particular sub-routine
What are the 4 types of practice and their categories
Environment - Varied, fixed
Amount - Massed, distributed
What is fixed practice
Practice remains the same in a constant situation
What are positive evaluation points for fixed practice
Good to develop motor programmes for over learning
Can help to perfect skill
Good in cognitive stage as it limits environmental stimuli
Good for closed skills (because it replicates competition)
What are negative evaluation points for fixed practice
Can be tedious/boring/de-motivating
Not suitable for open skills/does not prepare for game situation or open environment
What is varied practice
Practice changes regularly
What are positive evaluation points for varied practice
Good for open skills when the environment changes
Good preparation for the ‘real game’ situation (if conditions realistic)
Best when skill has already been learned (in a fixed practice) / good for autonomous stage
Can stimulate interest or motivation / prevent boredom
Helps to develop schema
WHat are negative evaluation points for varied practice
Can confuse learners or cognitive phase performers
Too many stimuli can cause information overload
May not be able to groove a skill or develop effective motor programmes
What is massed practice
No or very few rest intervals
What are positive evaluation points of massed practice
Good for autonomous phase learners or beginners.
Used to groove or thoroughly learn a skill. Good to make skill habitual.
Good for simple or discrete or short duration skills.
Quick & easy to complete
What are negative evaluation points of massed practice
Can be tiring or too fatiguing or tedious or boring
Can lead to de-motivation/drive reduction
Errors can be increased or compounded
Can lead to (overuse) injuries
Less opportunity for feedback or guidance
What is distributed practice
Regular breaks
What are positive evaluation points of distributed practice
Good for cognitive learners or learners who are less fit or less motivated learners.
Good for cognitive learners as they can receive regular feedback
Good for associative/autonomous learners to give better understanding of the skill
Good for continuous/gross as it allows for rest in between trials
What are negative evaluation points for distributed practice
Can cause disruption in learning which impedes learning.
Can de-motivate if breaks are too regular or too long
