Skills ac - phases of learning

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of learning, in order of lowest to highest skill

Answer 1

Cognitive, associative, autonomous

Question 2

What is the cognitive stage

Answer 2

The learner is trying to create a ‘mental picture’ of the skill. Lots of trial and error. Success reinforced by performer experiencing success or being told by the coach/ teacher

Question 3

What occurs in performance in the cognitive stage

Answer 3

Poor accuracy
Inconsistent
Lack coordination
Lack fluency
Full of errors

Question 4

What is the associative (motor) stage

Answer 4

Generally significantly longer than the cognitive phase. Performer practices the skills and compares or associated movements with the mental image. Feedback occurs (intrinsic and extrinsic). Beginners start to eliminate mistakes, and refine skills

Question 5

What are associative characteristics

Answer 5

Fundamental skills mastered
More consistency
Sub-routines in place
Coordination better
More fluent
Motor Programmes are developed (EMP’s).
Greater use of kinaesthetic feedback

Question 6

What is the autonomous stage

Answer 6

Movements becoming automatic or subconscious

Distractions ignored (selective attention)

Focus on tactical strategies

Motor programmes fully grooved and stored in LTM

Question 7

Define selective attention

Answer 7

The process of picking out and focussing on the relevant parts of the display. This filtering out is important because irrelevant information is ignored

Question 8

Define kinaesthesis

Answer 8

The sense that tells the brain about the movement and the state of contraction of the muscles, tendons and joints. It allows the performer to know whether the movement is being performed correctly