Iniuries Flashcards
what is an acute injury
Occur at a specific moment in time
what is a chronic injury
Occur over a period of time
What is soft tissue
Require immediate attention, Includes strains and sprains of muscle, tendons or ligaments, inflammation or bruising
What is hard tissue
Involves damage to bones, joint or cartilage
Includes fractures, dislocations
Result in inflammation or bleeding, and joint instability
Often require surgery
What is a fracture
A partial or complete break in the bone due to excessive force
What are the 2 main types of fractures
COMPOUND (open)
Bones breaks skin
Open wound - high risk of infection
SIMPLE (closed)
Skin remains unbroken
Fracture causes little movement of the bone
Minimal damage to soft tissue
What are the types of fractures
Greenstick
Transverse
Oblique
Spiral
Comminuted
Impacted
Avulsion
What is an acute dislocation
Occurs when one bone is displaced from another (moves out of original position)
What is a sublaxation dislocation
When overstretched, ligaments are permanently
damaged, causing joint instability
What are soft tissue injuries
Contusion & haematoma
What is contusion
An area of the skin where the blood vessel has ruptured (torn), mainly minor through fall or direct impact
What is haematoma
Localised bleeding from ruptured vessel of damaged tissue, swelling and discolouration
What is a sprain
Damage to ligaments through overstretching/tearing, caused by taking joint past natural ROM
What is a strain
Damage to muscle fibres or tendons due to overstretching/tearing, caused by overstretching or sudden movements
What is a grade 1 strain/sprain
Partial tear, 0-25% fibres
What is a grade 2 strain/sprain
Partial tear, 25-75% fibres
What is a grade 3 strain/sprain
Full rupture, 75-100% fibres damaged
What is abrasion
Superficial damage to the skin by scraping - has led to blood rules in sport
What is a blister
Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms due to friction
What is concussion
Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance in brain function, such as headache, dizziness, nausea
What is concussion caused by
Result of a direct blow to the cranium, or as a result of brain bouncing off inside of the skull
Why do chronic injuries occur
Overuse, run down of tendons, ligaments or cartilage
What is osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint condition where cartilage between bone ends wear away
What is a stress fracture
Tiny crack in surface of bones, caused by fatigued muscle sending stree to bone
What is shin splints
Chronic shin pain, tibialis anterior/posterior injured through overloading/impact
What is tendonitis
Deterioration of the tendon collagen (86% of tendon) through repetitive strain of multiple injuries
