Gas exchange and BOHR shift Flashcards
What are the 2 ways O2 can be transported
- Oxyhaemoglobin
- Within blood plasma
What are the 3 ways CO2 can be transported
- Carbamino-haemoglobin
- Within blood plasma
- In water as carbonic acid
What is gas exchange
Deoxygenated blood arrives to capillaries that surround the alveoli and diffuses depending on the gas it is working with
What diffusion processes occur during gas exchange of O2
O2 diffuses from alveoli to capillaries (high - low). And then into the muscle (high - low)
What diffusion processes occur during gas exchange of CO2
CO2 diffuses from muscle into capillaries (high - low). And then into the alveoli (high - low)
What is partial pressure
Pressure a gas exerts within a mixture of gases
How do gases diffuse
Area of high PP to low PP
Where is there a high PP of O2
Alveoli
Where is there a low PP of O2
Muscles
Where is there a high PP of CO2
Muscles
Where is there a low PP of CO2
Blood/capillaries
What happens to the PP of CO2 in the muscles during exercise
Higher than at rest (CO2 is a bi-product of aerobic exercise)
What happens to the PP of O2 in the muscles during exercise
Lower than at rest (as is used by working muscles)
What happens to the diffusion gradient during exercise, and what does this mean
Higher so gas exchange occurs at a faster rate
What effect does a higher diffusion gradient have on gas exchange
Faster, more O2 to muscles, more CO2 removed
What is meant by the concentration gradient
Rate of diffusion, the steeper the quicker
What is oxygen dissociation / the BOHR effect
Haemoglobin releases oxygen (from oxyhaemoglobin) to the muscles as PPO2 decreases as supply is higher
How is O2 dissociation presented
Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve
What occurs to the dissociation curve as the BOHR effect occurs, and what is this known as
Shifts to the right (BOHR shift)
What are the 4 effects of exercise the increase O2 dissociation
- O2 PP lowers
- Body temp increases
- CO2 increases (lowers pH)
- Increased lactic acid (lowers pH)
