Pre industrial sport

Question 1

What does cultural mean

Answer 1

The set of beliefs and customs that leads us to behave in a particular way within out community

Question 2

What time does pre industrial refer to

Answer 2

Pre 1750

Question 3

Why did sport emerge in Britain

Answer 3

Prepare population for war, hunt for food, improve ability to work, celebrations/festivals

Question 4

What was social class like in pre industrial Britain

Answer 4

Two classes:
- Upper: Aristocracy or gentry (land owners)
- Lower: Peasants (manual workers)

Question 5

What are the 6 main sports associated with pre industrial Britain

Answer 5

Mob football, animal baiting/hunting, real tennis, cricket, pedestrianism, holy day fair

Question 6

What was mob football in pre industrial Britain

Answer 6

Mass game with few rules and equipment, violent, lower class

Question 7

What was animal baiting/hunting in pre industrial Britain

Answer 7

Excessive gambling, no laws to limit violence or animal cruelty
- Lower class: Bare knuckle fighting, dog fighting
- Upper class: Cock fighting, fox hunting

Question 8

What was real tennis in pre industrial Britain

Answer 8

Upper class only, first form of tennis from France, very complicated rules, long lasting game at large venue

Question 9

What was cricket in pre industrial Britain

Answer 9

Often associated with local public houses (pubs), plenty of space due to rural land, mostly upper class:
- Lower class professionals: Bowling
- Gentry amateurs: Batters

Question 10

What was pedestrianism in pre industrial Britain

Answer 10

Competitive race walking, came from footmen (ran alongside horse and cart), all classes:
- Lower class: participated
- Upper class: Patrons - agents and sponsors (bet on footmen)

Question 11

What was holy day fairs in pre industrial Britain

Answer 11

Range of events that brought whole city together, took place on religious holidays (only free time for working class), separate events for women e.g smock race, archery for upper class

Question 12

What are the 6 key social factors related to pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 12

• Gender
• Law and order
• Education / literacy
• Availability of time
• Money
• Transport

Question 13

What is gender as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 13

Women seen as weaker sex and not allowed to do dangerous / strenuous activities. Significant lack of opportunity, upper class women - hawking and archery, lower class women - smock racing (prize was a dress), both classes participated in dancing and horse riding

Question 14

What is law and order as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 14

No formal police force, meaning peasants were free to participate in violent sports (mob football, bare knuckle fighting), and blood sports (cockfighting, animal baiting) which became banned in the industrial revolution

Question 15

What is education / literacy as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 15

Upper class were educated and literate, meaning they could participate in sophisticated sports such as real tennis, with complex rules. Working class were mostly uneducated and illiterate, meaning they partook in simple sports with no written rules, e.g. mob football

Question 16

What is availability of time as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 16

Lower class worked very long hours, so sport had to be short and immediately entertaining, e.g catching pigs. Mob football was confirmed to holy days or annual festivals, and other sports revolved around public houses (pubs). Upper class had more spare time so participated in longer activities e.g fox hunting

Question 17

What is availability of money as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 17

Upper class could afford equipment e.g horses and clothing, and could own enough land to partake in real tennis. The Aristocracy built themselves facilities in their homes e.g hampton court palace by king Henry VIII

Question 18

What is transport as a social factor of pre industrial sport in Britain

Answer 18

Road quality was very poor, therefore most activities for working class were local and in walking distance. Upper class could travel some distance by horse and carriage but were still limited by road conditions

Question 19

What were some other factors that affected sport participation in pre industrial Britain

Answer 19

No technology, no NHS - poor life expectancy, limited communication