Post industrial sport and leisure

Question 1

What time period does post industrial Britain refer to

Answer 1

1820+

Question 2

What are the 7 key themes related to sport in post industrial Britain

Answer 2

• Social class
• Amateurism and professionalism
• Gender
• Law and order
• Education
• Time and money
• Transport

Question 3

What time period was the industrial revolution

Answer 3

1750 - 1850

Question 4

What time period was the victorian era

Answer 4

1839 - 1901

Question 5

Define urbanisation

Answer 5

The process where mass population changes lifestyle from rural areas to towns and cities

Question 6

What did the industrial revolution lead to initially

Answer 6

Mass migration from rural - urban areas, reducing participation opportunities in sport. Led to overcrowding and poor health and hygiene. Shift from agricultural work to factory work, with long shifts (15 hours) and common child labour, as well as mass injuries to reduce participation. Meant that there was little time or energy for sport for working class, and Sunday was a holy/rest day due to church

Question 7

What benefits came with the industrial revolution

Answer 7

Towns developed and factories opened. Changes in criminal law banned mob football etc. Emergence of middle class who set up their own factories. Working conditions improved which increased sport participation

Question 8

What was social class as a theme related to sport participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 8

Stronger class division than 20th/21st century. Development of middle class - professionals, factory workers, low down managers not born into aristocracy. Increased time and money for public schools, therefore influential in developing rules of sports such as rugby

Question 9

What are the 4 examples of sports developed in post industrial Britain

Answer 9

Animal baiting/hunting, association football, cricket, rugby

Question 10

What was animal baiting/hunting in post industrial Britain

Answer 10

Declined for working class with changes in law, upper class pursuits were protected (fox hunting, shooting). Fighting became boxing, horse racing grew in popularity

Question 11

What was association football in post industrial Britain

Answer 11

Codified in public schools from mob football. Works teams in factories e.g Thames iron works (now West Ham). Spectatorship improved with transport

Question 12

What was cricket in post industrial Britain

Answer 12

Still split by class - lower class professional bowlers, upper class ameteur batters. Separate changing rooms for classes and lower cleaned the kit. Improved transport saw England’s first tour to Australia in 1861 (Ashes)

Question 13

What was rugby in post industrial Britain

Answer 13

Codified in public schools from mob games to create rugby union. Professionals introduced up North using broken time payments for the working class, who missed Saturday for fixtures. Southerners believed it went against ameteur traditions which caused split of codes in 1895 to create rugby league

Question 14

What was gender as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 14

Women were expected to run a family which interfered with participation. Grew in rights to education, voting and work towards late 1800s. Led to increased participation but still lower than males

Question 15

What was law and order as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 15

Development of police force and sense of order with RSPCA formed. Decline of violent sports, controlled gambling. Codification of rules and regulations in sport

Question 16

What was education and literacy as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 16

Upper class boys tended to attend public schools (private education). State education for male and female working class in 1870. Increased access to range of sports resulted in increased participation

Question 17

What was availability of time as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 17

Average working week was now 57 hours/6 days. Factory owners used sport to boost moral. Saturday half days for sport. More energy and time for lower class increased participation, however still less time than upper class

Question 18

What was transport as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 18

Railways developed as well as water travel and road quality. Possibility for away/national fixtures. Regular fixtures through leagues / cups. Helped standardise rules and play different sports

Question 19

What was availability of money as a theme related to sports participation in post industrial Britain

Answer 19

Poor working conditions still, with little pay and no paid holiday, however some sports offered professional contracts. Working class still couldn’t access certain sports, but professionalism increased access for working class