Semester 2 Final Matching Flashcards
estates
referred to the social classes in French society
French social class comprised of clergy
1st estate
nobility of French social class
2nd estate
French social class of professionals, laborers, and peasants
3rd estate
assembly called by Louis XVI for approval of new taxes
Estates General
motto of the French revolution
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
women of Paris storm royal palace; king forced to Paris
March on Versailles
emigrees
political exile who fled France
led the Jacobins and the reign of Terror
Max Robiespierre
Louis XVI
Jan. 21. 1798- French monarch executed by guillotine
drafting into the military
conscription
Reign of Terror
movement to “Annihilate enemies of French republic”
Directory
French government before 1789
coup d’etat
“stroke of state” seize power by force
burning, destroying supplies as retreat; enemy can’t use
“scorched earth”
harsh climate conditions of Napoleon’s Russia invasion
General Winter
site of Napoleon’s second and final exile
St. Helena
bourgeoisie
middle class: professionals, merchants, bankers
enclosure movement
fenced off public lands
tenaments
shabby, run down living quarters of industrial workers
business owned by one person
sole proprietorship
theory of limiting government intervention in business
laissez-faire
working class according to Karl Marx
proletariat
periods of prosperity and decline in the economy
business cycle
Adam Smith
father of classical economics
industrial Revolution
mechanization takes place of manual labor in 1800
bourgeoisie
owners of production according to Karl Marx
factors of production
land, labor, capital/equipment
Henry Ford
revolutionized auto industry; implemented assembly line
monopoly
corporation gaining almost complete control of the production process of a good or service
Eli Whitney
introduced system of interchangeable parts in his gun factory
processof negotiating with which the unions and management come to agreement
collective bargaining
Samuel Morse
invention of the telegraph revolutionized communication
Michael Faraday
developed first electric generator
Edward Jenner
developed smallpox vaccine
Lous Pasteur
identified microorganisms called bacteria
Mendeleyev
introduced first workable classification of elements
The Curies
discovered process of radioactivity(radium)
Ivan Pavlov
experimented using a stimulus to bring a response
Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis to study behavior
Albert Einstein
introduced the theory of relativity
Alexander Fleming
discovered penecillin
Charles Darwin
introduced the theory of evolution
use of chemicals to kill disease-causing germs
antisepsis
study of how inborn characteristics are inherited
genetics
biology, genetics, anatomy, botany
biological sciences
astrology, physics, chemistry, geology
physical sciences
process of heating liquids to kill bacteria
pasteurization
By 1870s the new source of power
electricity
sectionalism
competition/ division among regions of a country
suffragette
women campaigning for the right to vote
right to vote
suffrage
William Lovett
began the Chartist movement
Louisiana Purchase
acquired from Napoleon and doubles the size of the US
caudillo
a military dictator of Latin America
Otto von Bismarck
the “Iron Chancellor”
contributed to decline of Indian population in colonies
disease and firearms
plebiscite
legislation calling for a yes/no vote
huge commercial estates established in Brazil
fazenda
huge estates given to the peninsulares by the Spanish king
hacienda
James Cook
1770 claimed Australia for Great Britain
1840s legislation keeping grain prices high in Britain
corn laws
Touissant L’overture
led the first and only successful slave revolt in the Americas
those who oppose all forms of government
anarchists
movement for Italian unification
risorgimento
Red Shirts
followers of Garibaldi
Bismarck
1862- he was appointed as head of Prussia’s government
resource-rich territory lost by France after the Franco-Prussian war
Alsace/Lorraine
upper house of German legislature
Bundesrat
lower house of German legislature
Reichstag
union of all Slavic peoples
PanSlavism
pogroms
in Russia-movements to massacre the Jews
Russian legislature
Duma
imperialism
country’s domination of political, economy, and culture
nationalism
pride and devotion one has for his country
colony
possession of a country/area by a foreign power
assimilation
policy of slowly absorbing colonies politically/culturally
mass migration of African Boers to North Africa
Great Trek
disease killing herds of cattle causing famine
Rinderpest
Liberia
African colony established by freed slaves from the US
Australia
example of a settlement colony
Suez canal
connects Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea
primary economic activity in West African civilizations
slave trade
Henry Stanley
journalist hired to find David Livingstone
David Livingstone
missionary who explored central Africa
situation of Europe/Balkans prior to WWI
powder keg
western front
stretched from southern Belgium to North France
eastern front
line of fighting from Baltic Sea to Black Sea
general association of nations to secure world peace
League of Nations
nationalistic group that wanted to unite Bosnia with Serbia
Black Hand
Franz Ferdinand
his assassination was the spark to beginning of WWI
central powers
Austria Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire during WWI
Allies
Britain, France, Russian and later the US during WWI
Gavrillo Princip
assassin who murdered Archduke Ferdinand
14 points
President Wilson’s peace plan after WWI
Lusitania
British liner sunk by Germans (May 1915) major impact on US entering WWI
barbed-wire, trenches, land mines; wasteland
“no man’s land”
Versailles
palace where peace treaty signed to end WWI
1800s- various groups wanted political unity
nationalism
militarism
glorify military and arms
rivaled Great Britain in naval supremacy in early 1900s
Germany
Great Britain’s location and to get involved on continent
“splendid isolation”
show of Germany’s support to Austria-Hungary
blank check
belligerent
referred to a country at war
drafting soldiers, factories converted, women working
total war
brutal acts against civilization
atrocities
Bolsheviks
extreme radicals, overthrew propositional government in Russia
Vladimir Lenin
leader of the Bolsheviks
communist party
new name of Bolsheviks after Russian revolution
AEF
American forces in WWI
reparations
money payment for war damages
John J. Pershing
leader of American forces in WWI
authors who reflected decay in society
“Lost Generation”
flappers
young women rebelled with short hair and dresses
18th amendment
legislation establishing prohibition
21st amendment
repealed prohibition
prohibition
period when making, selling, alcohol was illegal
Oct. 29, 1929-sudden drop in stock prices
Black Tuesday
FDR’s advisory council during the Depression
brain trust
New Deal
FDR;s program for relief, recovery, and reform
radio talks of encouragement form FDR
fireside chats
instantly purchasing goods and repay over time
credit buying
pensions for elderly, unemployed, and disabled
Social Security Act
March 9-June 16, 1933: President and congress pass legislation to make up the New Deal
Hundred Days
hitching rides on boxcars to travel from town to town
ride the rails
shack towns set up by homeless
“Hoovervilles”
men with pants pocket turned out-no money
“Hoover flags”
materials used to cover sleepers on park benches
“Hoover blankets”
material placed in shoes to cover holes in shoe
“Hoover leather”
thin soup served in soup kitchens and soup lines
“Hoover stew”
Mussolini
fascist dictator of Italy beginning in the 1930s
political party of Mussolini
Fascist party
Mussolini’s followers
black shirts
IL Duce
Mussolini’s title/”the leader”
German government established after WWI (1919)
Weimar Republic
the Nationalist Socialists German Workers Party
Nazi
Mein Kampf
written by Hitler in prison/ “my struggle”
justification for Germany to expand/ “living space”
lebensraum
Reichstag
German legislature
Paul von Hindenburg
German president who confirmed chancellorship on Hitler
Der Fuhrer
Hitler’s title/ “the leader”
Hitler’s government
Third Reich
Gestapo
Hitler’s secret police force
practice of separating races into specific neighborhoods
ghettos
Joseph Stalin
totalitarian dictator of Russia
military alliance between Mussolini and Hitler
Rome-Berlin Axis
Great Purge
Stalin’s attempt to rid Russia of opposition
established in Italy when it became a dictatorship
police state
anti-semetism
hatred of Jews
Aryan
master race envisioned by Hitler
