Semester 2 Final Matching Flashcards
estates
referred to the social classes in French society
French social class comprised of clergy
1st estate
nobility of French social class
2nd estate
French social class of professionals, laborers, and peasants
3rd estate
assembly called by Louis XVI for approval of new taxes
Estates General
motto of the French revolution
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
women of Paris storm royal palace; king forced to Paris
March on Versailles
emigrees
political exile who fled France
led the Jacobins and the reign of Terror
Max Robiespierre
Louis XVI
Jan. 21. 1798- French monarch executed by guillotine
drafting into the military
conscription
Reign of Terror
movement to “Annihilate enemies of French republic”
Directory
French government before 1789
coup d’etat
“stroke of state” seize power by force
burning, destroying supplies as retreat; enemy can’t use
“scorched earth”
harsh climate conditions of Napoleon’s Russia invasion
General Winter
site of Napoleon’s second and final exile
St. Helena
bourgeoisie
middle class: professionals, merchants, bankers
enclosure movement
fenced off public lands
tenaments
shabby, run down living quarters of industrial workers
business owned by one person
sole proprietorship
theory of limiting government intervention in business
laissez-faire
working class according to Karl Marx
proletariat
periods of prosperity and decline in the economy
business cycle
Adam Smith
father of classical economics
industrial Revolution
mechanization takes place of manual labor in 1800
bourgeoisie
owners of production according to Karl Marx
factors of production
land, labor, capital/equipment
Henry Ford
revolutionized auto industry; implemented assembly line
monopoly
corporation gaining almost complete control of the production process of a good or service
Eli Whitney
introduced system of interchangeable parts in his gun factory
processof negotiating with which the unions and management come to agreement
collective bargaining
Samuel Morse
invention of the telegraph revolutionized communication
Michael Faraday
developed first electric generator
Edward Jenner
developed smallpox vaccine
Lous Pasteur
identified microorganisms called bacteria
Mendeleyev
introduced first workable classification of elements
The Curies
discovered process of radioactivity(radium)
Ivan Pavlov
experimented using a stimulus to bring a response
Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis to study behavior
Albert Einstein
introduced the theory of relativity
Alexander Fleming
discovered penecillin
Charles Darwin
introduced the theory of evolution
use of chemicals to kill disease-causing germs
antisepsis
study of how inborn characteristics are inherited
genetics
biology, genetics, anatomy, botany
biological sciences
astrology, physics, chemistry, geology
physical sciences
process of heating liquids to kill bacteria
pasteurization
By 1870s the new source of power
electricity
sectionalism
competition/ division among regions of a country
suffragette
women campaigning for the right to vote
right to vote
suffrage
William Lovett
began the Chartist movement
Louisiana Purchase
acquired from Napoleon and doubles the size of the US
caudillo
a military dictator of Latin America
Otto von Bismarck
the “Iron Chancellor”
contributed to decline of Indian population in colonies
disease and firearms
plebiscite
legislation calling for a yes/no vote
huge commercial estates established in Brazil
fazenda
huge estates given to the peninsulares by the Spanish king
hacienda