Chapter 19 Part 2 Notes

Question 1

Benito Mussolini

Answer 1

Italian dictator beginning in the 1920s

Question 2

Mussolini’s political party

Answer 2

Fascist Party

Question 3

characteristics of fascism

Answer 3

glorify the military; strong, dynamic leader; nationalize (government owns) key industries; prohibiting civil liberties

Question 4

dictatorship

Answer 4

the government is run by a small group or an individual

Question 5

totalitarianism

Answer 5

another word for dictatorship basically; the government controls every aspect of citizens’ lives

Question 6

Black Shirts

Answer 6

Mussolini’s followers and this is how they were identified

Question 7

Oct 1922 March on Rome (Met in Rome)

Answer 7

1. Mussolini convinces the Italian king there is a communist threat in Rome 2. the king appoints Mussolini as Premier 3. Mussolini sets up his dictatorship 4. he then appoints party members to key government posts

Question 8

police state

Answer 8

civil liberties are gone; censorship; secret police force; forced labor (labor camps)

Question 9

“IL Dulce”

Answer 9

means The Leader; the title Mussolini took

Question 10

Weimar Republic

Answer 10

a government set up b the Allies in Germany after WWI

Question 11

Germany’s public opinion of the Republic

Answer 11

German people felt that their leaders had let them down and betrayed them; they felt “stabbed in the back”

Question 12

Munich Beer Hall Putsch

Answer 12

1923; extreme nationalists attempt to overthrow the Republic; these nationalists eventually known as the Nazi Party; unsuccessful

Question 13

Hitler

Answer 13

led the overthrow attempt; sentenced to five years but served about nine months

Question 14

Nazi Party

Answer 14

stood for Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party; primarily made up of German workers

Question 15

Mein Kampf

Answer 15

book that Hitler wrote in prison; means “My Struggle”; Hitler’s outline for his political ideals in Germany

Question 16

“Greater Germany”

Answer 16

calling for Germany to return to greatness (in Mein Kampf)

Question 17

“master race”

Answer 17

referred to as Aryans; his super race

Question 18

Aryans

Answer 18

ancient civilization that had this concept that their race was perfect; name for the Master Race; blue eyes/ blond hair

Question 19

Reichstag

Answer 19

German legislature

Question 20

Fire at Reichstag

Answer 20

mysterious fire breaks out; no one convicted though had a lot of damage; late at night and no one was hurt or killed; Hitler persuades the German president to appoint him Chancellor

Question 21

Gestapo

Answer 21

Hitler’s secret police

Question 22

ghettos

Answer 22

Hitler fenced in ethnic neighborhoods (particularly Jews)

Question 23

star of David

Answer 23

symbol that Jews had to wear to identify that they were Jewish

Question 24

Der Fuhrer

Answer 24

Hitler’s title; means the leader

Question 25

concentration camps

Answer 25

originally labor camps but eventually became death camps

Question 26

Third Reich

Answer 26

Hitler’s government; third “great” German empire

Question 27

Rhineland 1936

Answer 27

Western Czechoslovakia, Hitler marches his troops here and violates the Treaty of Versailles

Question 28

France and Britain’s reaction to Germany taking the Rhineland

Answer 28

they could not stop him; not strong enough

Question 29

Rome-Berlin Axis

Answer 29

alliance between Italy and Germany

Question 30

Paul von Hindenburg

Answer 30

the German president when Hitler became dictator

Question 31

“Lebesraum”

Answer 31

means living space; Hitler’s justification for expanding; his excuse/reason

Question 32

Anti-Semetism

Answer 32

hatred of the Jews

Question 33

Ethiopia 1936

Answer 33

Ethiopia is going to be the first acquisition of Mussolini’s empire

Question 34

protectorate

Answer 34

Ethiopia becomes a protectorate; the country keeps its own government but Italy was actually in control

Question 35

USSR

Answer 35

Union of Soviet Socialists Republic; Russia’s new name after the Revolution of 1917

Question 36

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 36

leader of the Revolution; leader of the communists who becomes the leader of Russia after the Revolution

Question 37

war communism

Answer 37

Lenin’s first plan to restructure the Russian economy that was a failure

Question 38

nationalization

Answer 38

the government takes over key industries

Question 39

new economic policy

Answer 39

second pan to restructure the economy that was also a failure

Question 40

major industries

Answer 40

heavy industry, agriculture, mining, and oil; the heavy industry and agriculture were the two major focus points

Question 41

collective farms

Answer 41

government controls all the land and the farmers work together to farm it

Question 42

Trotsky-Stalin rivalry

Answer 42

Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin emerge as rivals to be the next leader in Russia; power struggle; Trotsky was murdered; Stalin gets support of the Communist Party and Stalin becomes the new leader of Russia

Question 43

command economy

Answer 43

when the government takes control of all economic decisions

Question 44

Five Year Plans

Answer 44

long range economic plans of Stalin’s; two key areas of growth were heavy industry and agriculture; first one started in 1928 and the second one in 1933

Question 45

Supreme Soviet

Answer 45

the Soviet legislature

Question 46

Politburro

Answer 46

the head organization of the Communist Party

Question 47

puge

Answer 47

Stalin is going to have a large scale elimination of disloyal people (called the Great Purge) (about 5 million people fell victim to this)

Question 48

comintern

Answer 48

organizations set up by Stalin to spread communism

Question 49

Cheka

Answer 49

the secret police in Russia