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Chapter 12 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Old Regime

A

the French government prior to 1789

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2
Q

estates

A

referred to the French social classes

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3
Q

1st estate was made up of

A

the clergy

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4
Q

high clergy

A

was made up of the abbott, bishop, and archbishop

didn’t have to pay taxes

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5
Q

lower clergy

A

parish priests- did most of the work with very little pay

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6
Q

2nd estate was made up of

A

the nobility

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7
Q

3rd estate was made up of

A

the rest of the population

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8
Q

bourgeoisie

A

urban middle class/ city workers, day laborers, artisans

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9
Q

peasants made up

A

the largest group

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10
Q

the third estate had no

A

political power or freedoms

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11
Q

natural rights were

A

liberty and equality; this idea was enough to unify the various groups to challenge the king

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12
Q

the monarch of France during a financial crisis was who ruled for

A

Louis XV
59 years
he inherited the debts of Louis XIV

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13
Q

in 1774 the new monarch was

A

Louis XVI

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14
Q

Louis XVI married

A

Marie Antoinette from Austria

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15
Q

debts were increasing for France so to raise money Louis XVI tries to

A

tax the first and second estates

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16
Q

by 1787 bankers did not

A

loan any more money to the French government

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17
Q

meeting of the Estates General (May 5, 1789) was a meeting of

A

the French government

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18
Q

the meeting of the Estates General was called by and was held at

A

Louis XVI

Versailles

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19
Q

in the past the 3 estates had met and each estate had only

A

separately

one vote

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20
Q

1st and 2nd estate would

A

outvote the 3rd estate

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21
Q

3rd estate wanted to vote as and their argument was that

A 
individuals
their class truly represented the French people
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22
Q

3rd estate and creates a

A

walked out of the legislature

new government called the National Assembly

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23
Q

The action of creating the National Assembly marks

A

the beginning of the French Revolution

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24
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

the oath that the National Assembly agreed to that said they will meet until a new constitution is written

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25
Q

Bastille is stormed by

A

peasants on July 14, 1789

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26
Q

Bastille

A

an old prison used to store military surplus items

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27
Q

the swept across the land

A

Great Fear

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28
Q

the peasant reaction

A

they were angry because of food shortages

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29
Q

one of the actions taken by the National Assembly by August 1789 to end the old regime

A

they formally did away with feudalism

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30
Q

the Declaration of Rights of Man gave basic

A

human rights and political power

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31
Q

what did the Declaration of Rights of Man say

A
  1. men born equal 2. granted freedoms-speech, press, and religion 3. guaranteed right to a fair trial
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32
Q

what was the motto of the revolution

A

“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” (which means brotherhood)

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33
Q

emegres

A

“Noble Emigrants”

they were nobles who fled France fearing for their safety

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34
Q

the March on Versailles (Oct. 5, 1789)

A

was led by angry women and it forced Louis and his family back to Paris

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35
Q

What did the Constitution of 1791 do?

A
  1. limited authority of king 2. divided government into three branches
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36
Q

Louis plots with __________ and wants to restore __________ but is urged to _________________ and ________________________.

A

emigres
the monarchy
flee France
get help from foreign governments

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37
Q

What happens after Louis tries to flee France?

A

Louis and his family are captured and brought back to Paris

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38
Q

the Legislative Assembly was

A

the new government that was a limited constitutional monarchy

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39
Q

Commune

A

the radical city government of Paris

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40
Q

Louis XVI was accused of

A

treason and plotting with foreigners

41
Q

on August 10, 1792 armed Parisians _____________ and Louis and his family ___________

A

storm the palace in Paris

are imprisoned

42
Q

the first meeting of the National Convention was held on ________ and delegates were elected by __________

A

September 1792

universal manhood suffrage

43
Q

universal manhood suffrage

A

all mankind(just men) can vote

44
Q

name two of the groups at the National Convention

A

Girondins and the Jacobins

45
Q

Girondins

A

feared that Paris would dominate France

46
Q

Jacobins

A

extreme radicals led by Maximillian Robiespierre

47
Q

the National Convention brought ______ to trial and charged him with _________

A

Louis XVI

treason

48
Q

How did the National Convention find Louis XVI at his trial

A

they found him guilty and on January 21,1793 Louis is executed by the guillotine

49
Q

What was the Committee of Public Safety and what did it do?

A

It was directed to crush opposition

It was a revolutionary tribunal or a special court to try enemies

50
Q

who said this “Annihilate enemies of the Republic”

A

Robiespierre

51
Q

during the Reign of Terror enemies were

A

sent to the guillotine for execution

September 1793-July 1794

52
Q

July 1794 Robiespierre was ______________ which ended __________

A

executed by the guillotine

the Reign of Terror

53
Q

the new government formed after the reign of terror in November of 1795

A

the Directory

54
Q

what was the executive branch like in the directory

A

the directors were a five member executive in the Directory government

55
Q

What was a problem with the Directory?

A

the Directors were weak and could not get along with each other

56
Q

the rise of Napoleon began 1796-1815 with wars called

A

the Napoleonic Wars

57
Q

Napoleon proposed a plan to attack the ______ in ______

A

British

Egypt

58
Q

the Directory feared that Napoleon would

A

seize power

59
Q

At first in Egypt Napoleon was ___________ but at Alexandria the British

A

successful on land

defeat the French fleet

60
Q

coup d’état means

A

“stroke of state”

the government has now turned over to Napoleon

61
Q

at first Napoleon was a ___________ and the first form of government under Napoleon was a

A

dictator

republic

62
Q

What was the reason that people accepted Napoleon’s dictatorship

A

he brought political stability and order

63
Q

the title of Napoleon’s first five years of dictatorship

A

Consulate

64
Q

Plebescite

A

a yes/no vote

65
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

his uniform set of laws

66
Q

Napoleon then becomes

A

Emperor Napoleon I

67
Q

what is the symbolism of Napoleon crowning himself instead of the pope

A

that the power or authority had been given to Napoleon by himself; he was a self-made man and did not need God or the church; he is saying “I did this all by myself”

68
Q

what was the continental system

A

it was a plan to set up a blockade around Great Britain

69
Q

how did the British respond to the Continental System

A

they responded with a blockade of France

70
Q

Napoleon’s first wife Josephine failed to ____________ so their marriage was ________

A

provide him with an heir

annulled

71
Q

Napoleon remarries with ________ who provides him with

A

Marie Louise in 1811

a son

72
Q

in the Peninsular War in 1807 the Portuguese king ___________ and the Spanish king is __________

A

refuses to follow Napoleon’s orders

forced to stop down

73
Q

Joseph Bonaparte is ____________ and the new _________ after the previous one is forced to step down

A

Napoleon’s brother

king of Spain

74
Q

Why did Napoleon try to invade Russia?

A

he wanted more territory and Czar Alexander I had ignored Napoleon’s blockade

75
Q

what was the Grand Army

A

it was Napoleon’s army of over 600,000 people

76
Q

“scorched earth” battle tactic

A

the Russians are retreating and burning/destroying resources as they fall back so that Napoleon could not use it (ex. houses, food, and other things)

77
Q

“hollow victory”

A

Napoleon made it to Moscow but there is nothing there of value (ghost town) so they are forced to turn back

78
Q

“General Winter”

A

refers to the harsh, brutal winter that took tis toll on Napoleon’s army

79
Q

how much of Napoleon’s army was lost in Russia

A

about 2/3’s of the army was lost to battle, starvation, and desertion

80
Q

Napoleon is finally defeated in October 1813 at

A

Leipzig

81
Q

Elba

A

Napoleon’s first exile

82
Q

the Allies decide to

A

reset the boundary of France to what is was in 1790

and restore the monarchy in the person of Louis XVIII

83
Q

Hundred Days

A

the period when Napoleon returns to power in France

84
Q

Napoleon was defeated for the last time at

A

Waterloo on June 18,1815

85
Q

who was the leader of the allies that defeated Napoleon for the last time

A

the Duke of Wellington

86
Q

the place of his second exile

A

St. Helena

87
Q

the three principles that guided the decision making at the Congress of Vienna

A
  1. got to restore the balance of power 3. legitimacy- we are going to restore the monarchs back to their respective thrones
88
Q

indemnity

A

a payment for damages

89
Q

Quadruple Alliance (1815)

A

Great Britain
Austria
Prussia
Russia

90
Q

Holy Alliance

A
  1. formed by Czar Alexander of Russia 2. guided on religious principles
91
Q

concert of Europe

A

an international governing body formed to keep the peace

92
Q

nationalism

A

pride, devotion, and loyalty to one’s country

93
Q

lycée

A

government run schools set up by Napoleon

94
Q

The Third Estate was comprised of

A

the bourgeoisie, urban workers, artisans, and rural peasants

95
Q

One reason that discontent began to grown in France in the mid-1700s was

A

changing economic conditions

96
Q

Peasants, workers, and the bourgeoisie shared the same ideas and spoke of _______ and ________ as natural rights

A

liberty

equality

97
Q

Louis XV’s _______ angered the public, as his ______ and _____________ were hurting the French economy.

A

expensive habits
taxes
borrowing

98
Q

In order to try and _________, Louis XVI called for a meeting of the __________ at Versailles in 1788.

A

raise taxes

Estates General

99
Q

When the Third Estate declared itself the ___________ at the meeting of the Estates General at Versailles, the ___________ had begun

A

National Assembly

French Revolution

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