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► World History > Chapter 21 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928

A

Frank B. Kellogg- US secretary of state
Aristide Briand-French minister
agreement made war illegal

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2
Q

Japan made one of the first

A

challenges to the pact

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3
Q

Osachi Hamaguchi 1930

A

prime minister of Japan and was fatally shot

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4
Q

in September 1931 Japan’s forces take

A

control of Manchuria

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5
Q

by 1939 Japan controls

A

most of China

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6
Q

Mussolini and overseas expansion

A

believed expansion would ease some of Italy’s economic problems

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7
Q

Ethiopia

A

one of the few independent nations in Africa and the first target of Mussolini

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8
Q

1935 Italian forces and in 1936 Mussolini

A

invaded and defeated Ethiopia

adds Ethiopia to the empire

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9
Q

2nd Spanish Republic

A

new government of Spain in the early 30s

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10
Q

new government splits Spain into two groups

A

Nationalists vs. Loyalists

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11
Q

Nationalists were also called

A

Falangists

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12
Q

the Falange was

A

a fascist party led by General Francisco Franco

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13
Q

Loyalists

A

supported the Republic

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14
Q

Germany and Italy sent

A

military to help the Nationalists

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15
Q

Rome-Berlin Axis

A

a military alliance between Hitler and Mussolini

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16
Q

International Brigade

A

volunteers from France, Great Britain, and the US that helped the Republic

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17
Q

by the spring of 1939 the Nationalists forces

A

had defeated the Loyalists

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18
Q

General Franco becomes

A

Spain’s head of the state/dictator

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19
Q

1933- Hitler announces

A

that he would rearm the country

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20
Q

1936 March-Hitler and violates

A

marches his troops into the Rhineland

the Treaty of Versailles

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21
Q

Axis Powers

A

Hitler and Mussolini called themselves this; their new name

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22
Q

Anti-Comminturn Pact

A

Japan and Germany signed this; it is against communism; promising to stop the spread of communism

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23
Q

Austrian Chancellor agrees

A

to union with Germany

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24
Q

Hitler takes

A

Austria with a show of force

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25
Q

Anschluss

A

the union between Germany and Austria; meant “living space”?/expand

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26
Q

Sudetenland was located

A

on the western part of Czechoslovakia

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27
Q

how many Germans were there living in the Sudetenland

A

more than 3 million

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28
Q

natural defense for Germany in the Sudetenland

A

a chain of mountains

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29
Q

appeasement

A

the policy of giving in to the aggressor to keep the peace

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30
Q

Munich Conference (September 29, 1938)

A

was called by Hitler

Neville Chamberlain, the English Prime Minister, and Edouard Daladier, the French Prime Minister, attended

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31
Q

Hitler promised what at the Munich Conference?

A

he promised no more territorial acquisitions

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32
Q

March 1939 German troops invade

A

Czechoslovakia

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33
Q

Britain and France realize

A

they cannot trust the dictators and cannot ignore them anymore
and prepare for war by rearming

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34
Q

Stalin’s concerns about allying with Britain and France

A

Stalin feared the Western powers would welcome the chance to turn Hitler loose on them because they hate communism

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35
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact (Aug. 1939)

A

a non-aggression pact where both promise not to attack the other; Germany would take western Poland and the Soviet Union would take eastern Poland

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36
Q

Danzig

A

seaport city in Poland

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37
Q

Polish corridor

A

a strip of land that gave Germany access to the sear

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38
Q

Sept. 1, 1939 Hitler

A

attacks Poland and starts WWII

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39
Q

September 3, 1939 Britain and France

A

declare war on Germany

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40
Q

blitzkrieg

A

means lightning war; attack with great speed and force

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41
Q

after a month of fight Poland

A

surrendered to Hitler

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42
Q

France move along the with their fortifications in

A

Maginot Line

France

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43
Q

Germany move along the fortifications in

A

Siegfried Line

the Rhineland

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44
Q

“phony war”

A

about seven months between Poland’s surrender and the next battle; the armies weren’t fighting

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45
Q

Soviets invade Sept. 1939 and Nov. 1939

A

eastern Poland

Finland

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46
Q

the low countries

A

the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg

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47
Q

Hitler invades and in April 1940 and Germany gains

A

Denmark
Norway
an outlet to the sea

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48
Q

France and Britain finally realize

A

that Hitler was an immediate threat to their safety

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49
Q

the new English Prime Minister May 10, 1940

A

Winston Churchill

50
Q

allied troops attempt to escape from

A

Dunkirk

51
Q

May 27- June 4

A

about 338,000 soldiers were transported across the channel to England and safety

52
Q

Hitler’s failure to attack

A

allowed the Allies to escape and was a costly mistake

53
Q

After Dunkirk, France was

A

left to fight alone on the European continent

54
Q

June 14, 1940 the Germans

A

enter Paris

55
Q

German troops occupy including

A

northern France

Paris

56
Q

French leader willing to surrender to Germany

A

Philippe Petain

57
Q

moves the French government to

A

Vichy

58
Q

German controlled government of France

referred to as a

A

Vichy France

puppet government

59
Q

led the Free French Movement

A

General Charles de Gaulle

60
Q

Free French Movement

A

a secret resistance movement to undermine the Nazi war effort/sabotage

61
Q

Luftwaffe

A

German air force

62
Q

Royal Air Force (RAF)

A

Britain’s air force/ saved Great Britain

63
Q

Neutrality Acts (1935 and 1937)

A

U.S. could not 1. sell war equipment to warring nations 2. make loans to these nations 3. or sail on their ships/couldn’t sail in the war zones

64
Q

isolationists

A

believed Europe’s wars should not concern the US

65
Q

Destroyer Deal

A

we give 50 old destroyers to Great Britain

66
Q

Congress passes

A

the first national draft

67
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

authorized the president to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit

68
Q

Atlantic Charter (August 1941)

A

attended by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill

U.S. announces the democratic goals shared by Great Britain and the US

69
Q

the German airfare and was used to soften up Great Britain for invasion

A

Luftwaffe

70
Q

said that Americans could not sell military equipment to warring nations, make loans to these nations, or sail on their ships

A

Neutrality Acts

71
Q

a new kind of warfare that took place with great speed and force

A

blitzkrieg

72
Q

the Frenchman who led the Free French government in its continued opposition to Germany

A

Charles de Gaulle

73
Q

authorized the president to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit

A

Lend-Lease Act

74
Q

replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister and was one of the few politicians to speak out against appeasement in the 1930s

A

Winston Churchill

75
Q

the German air raids on Britain and the British efforts to counter these nightly raids

A

Battle of Britain

76
Q

Spain under the rule of remained

A

Franco

neutral

77
Q

Mussolini hoped to build

A

a Mediterranean empire for Italy

78
Q

British liberated

A

Ethiopia

79
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

the commander of the German troops in N. Africa known as the “Desert Fox”

80
Q

El Alamein (October 1941)

A

Axis forces forced to retreat and was a major turning point in this area

81
Q

June 22, 1941 Germany invades

A

Russia

82
Q

“scorched earth”

A

slowly retreating soldiers and civilians carried everything they could and burned the rest

83
Q

spring 1942 offensive to the south- Hitler wants to

A

take the oil producing area and some farmland

84
Q

Stalingrad’s capture

A

was made the main objective of the offensive

85
Q

Sept 1940 Japan allies with

A

Germany and Italy

known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

86
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

Japanese premier and head of the government

87
Q

early 1941 the Japanese government realized

A

that their most dangerous potential threat was the U.S.

88
Q

Dec. 7, 1941

A

Japanese launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor with the goal of destroying the US Pacific fleet

89
Q

FDR quote about Pearl Harbor

A

a day that will live in infamy

90
Q

Dec. 8, 1941 Congress

A

declares war on Japan

91
Q

Hitler’s New Order

A

wanted to make the European continent into a single political and economic system

92
Q

planned to gain “ “ in eastern Europe

A

living space

93
Q

pure “ “ would colonize the area

A

Aryan race

94
Q

land in Soviet Union would supply Germany with

A

food and raw materials

95
Q

1941- Hitler ordered the destruction of

A

Europe’s entire Jewish population

96
Q

program to eradicate entire Jewish population

A

the Final Solution

97
Q

genocide

A

the systematically erase an entire ethnic race

98
Q

military branch of the Nazi party

A

SS

99
Q

leader of the Ss and headed the Final Solution

A

Heinrich Himmler

100
Q

Wannsee Conference Jan. 1942

A

Hitler set out a systematic plan for exterminating the Jews in concentration camps

101
Q

“Arbeit Macht Frei”

A

work makes you free

102
Q

Holocaust

A

the Nazi genocide where they killed 6 million Jews

means fire that consumes/ fire that burns completely

103
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

lasted for six months

on Feb. 2, 1943 the German troops surrender and it becomes a major turning point in the war

104
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

leads the troops in North Africa

105
Q

Mid May 1943

A

the Axis forces in North Africa were forced to surrender

106
Q

“soft underbelly of the axis”

A

refers to southern Italy where the Axis Powers were the most vulnerable

107
Q

Coral Sea

A

fought entirely in the air

108
Q

Midway

A

Allied victory; Allies go on the offensive

109
Q

Guadalcanal

A

first American invasion Japanese-held territory

110
Q

island

A

take key islands and bypass others

111
Q

D Day/Normandy invasion (June 6, 1944)

A

also called Operation Overlord

resulted in the liberation of France

112
Q

April 30, 1945 Hitler

A

committed suicide

113
Q

May 8, 1945

A

V-E Day

the day of victory in Europe

114
Q

Yalta Conference

A

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decide how to divide Germany

115
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Truman, Churchill, and Stalin; unconditional surrender of Japan

116
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

two cities that were both bombed with atomic bombs

August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945

117
Q

September 2, 1945

A

V-J Day

victory in Japan

118
Q

a long and bloody six month battle that proved to be a major turning point in the war

A

Battle of Stalingrad

119
Q

belief that Japanese pilots-called kamikazes- would save the empire if they were willing to die for the emperor

A

“Divine Wind”

120
Q

commander of the US troops who, with the British, forced Axis Powers in North Africa to surrender

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

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