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► World History > Chapter Six-The Italian Renaissance > Flashcards

Chapter Six-The Italian Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

Scholars combine _________ with ________

A

ancient history

Christian teachings

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2
Q

new emphasis on

A

the power of human reason

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3
Q

Renaissance began in

A

Italy

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4
Q

crusades and trade brought contact with

A

the Byzantine Empire

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5
Q

Rich cities of Italy

A

Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, Venice

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6
Q

family that pushed the Renaissance movement in Florence

A

Medici

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7
Q

list the humanites

A

grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric

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8
Q

humanists

A

people who specialized in the study of the humanities

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9
Q

humanists searched out manuscripts written in

A

Greek and Latin

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10
Q

Most humanists were

A

Catholics who remained committed to Christian teachings

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11
Q

Petrarch

A

one of the best known humanists

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12
Q

Petrarch believed that they should imitate writers by

A

studying the classical writers

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13
Q

classical education

A

the study of ancient Greek and Roman literature

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14
Q

Petrarch believed that his desire for fame might

A

hurt his chances for salvation

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15
Q

The Prince

A

an essay written by Machiavelli

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16
Q

what did The Prince describe

A

described government not in terms of lofty ideals but how it actually worked

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17
Q

Machiavellian means

A

the ends justify the means

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18
Q

Castiglione wrote what book

A

The Book of the Courtier

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19
Q

The Book of the Courtier

A

was the most famous book of the Renaissance

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20
Q

The Book of the Courtier explained

A

how gentlemen and gentlewomen should act in polite society

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21
Q

medieval paintings stressed

A

religious topics

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22
Q

renaissance paintings depicted

A

lifelike human figures

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23
Q

High Renaissance lasted from

A

late 1400s to early 1500s

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24
Q

three talents of Leonardo Da Vinci

A

architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and scientist

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25
Q

two famous paintings of Leonardo Da Vinci

A

The Last Supper

the Mona Lisa

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26
Q

What is Michelangelo known for

A

his depiction of the Creation painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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27
Q

Rafael was hired by the pope to

A

beautify the Vatican

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28
Q

Rafael was known for his

A

madonnas

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29
Q

madonnas are

A

paintings of the Virgin Mary

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30
Q

Titian was one of the first painters to

A

become wealthy from his work

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31
Q

major rivers/routes that contributed to the spread of ideas

A

the Danube, Rhine, and Rhone

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32
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

1450 first European to use movable type

invented the printing press

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33
Q

used the printing press to print copies of

A

the Bible

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34
Q

critics of printed books said

A

printed books would not last as long
hand copied manuscripts were more beautiful
scribes would lose their jobs

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35
Q

scribes

A

those who made a living by hand-copying manuscripts

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36
Q

The Praise of Folly

A

Erasmus’s most famous book

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37
Q

The Praise of Folly ridiculed

A

ignorance, superstition, and vice among Christians

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38
Q

Utopia condemned

A

governments as being corrupt

written by Thomas More

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39
Q

Thomas More’s refusal to agree to king’s supremacy

A

caused him to be beheaded

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40
Q

William Shakespeare was the leading

A

literary figure of the time

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41
Q

three famous works of Shakespeare

A

Hamlet
Romeo and Juliet
Macbeth

42
Q

Reformation

A

a religious revolution

43
Q

three causes for the Protestant Reformation

A
  1. Church was more interested in income than saving souls 2. pope acted as a political leader and warrior instead of a moral leader 3. priests engaged in vice and misconduct instead of encouraging spiritual and moral behavior
44
Q

the break for the Protestant Reformation took place in

A

modern day Germany

45
Q

indulgences

A

pardons from punishment for sin that could be bought

46
Q

Johann Tetzel sent to

A

raise funds in the northern German states by selling indulgences

47
Q

Popes sold indulgences to

A

raise money for the church

48
Q

Martin Luther’s beliefs became know as

A

Lutheranism

49
Q

Luther said that ceremonies and good deeds

A

made no difference in saving a sinner

50
Q

Luther said only thing that counted was

A

an inner faith in God

51
Q

Luther said salvation gained only

A

through the grace of God

52
Q

the idea that salvation could only be gained through the grace of God was called

A

justification by grace through faith

53
Q

95 theses

A

Luther posted these statements about indulgences on a church door

54
Q

Luther claimed that the Bible was

A

the sole religious authority

55
Q

in 1521 Pope Leo X declared

A

Luther a heretic

56
Q

Luther’’s punishment for being declared a heretic

A

he was excommunicated

57
Q

Protestantism/ Protestants

A

Luther’s beliefs and Luther’s followers

58
Q

the Peace of Augsburg said that

A

each German ruler had the right to choose the religion for his state

59
Q

What did the subjects have to do under the Peace of Augsburg

A

they had to either accept the ruler’s decision or move away

60
Q

sects

A

religious groups

61
Q

King Henry VIII caused

A

the break between England and the Roman Catholic Church

62
Q

“Defender of the Faith”

A

title that was granted to Henry by the pope

63
Q

What did Henry want to do

A

he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon

64
Q

Henry was unhappy because

A

he had no male heir

65
Q

Henry wanted to marry

A

Anne Boleyn

66
Q

Catholic Church didn’t usually permit divorces but could

A

make exceptions

67
Q

Pope Clement VII refused to

A

meet Henry’s demand for divorce/annulment

68
Q

Because pope refused his demands Henry

A

withdrew England from the Catholic Church and began a new church

69
Q

Church of England

A

new church created by Henry VIII

also known as the Anglican Church

70
Q

Who was the head of the Anglican Church

A

the king was established as the head of the church

71
Q

Anglican Church granted

A

Henry VIII a divorce

72
Q

what was the act of supremacy

A

an act of Parliament that recognized the monarch as head of the church
Henry would be head of the church but later that act would be rescinded

73
Q

Predestination

A

the idea that at the beginning of time God decided whou would be saved
this idea came from John Calvin

74
Q

the elect

A

those who were predestined for salvation

75
Q

theocracy

A

a government ruled by religious leaders who claimed God’s authority

76
Q

Hugenots

A

French Calvinists

77
Q

Counter Reformation

A

also known as the Catholic Reformation

began as an attempt to return the church to an emphasis on spiritual matters

78
Q

the Counter Reformation was also a

A

campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism

79
Q

Pope Paul III brought the

A

Inquisition to Rome (only tried heresy)

80
Q

What was the Index (published 1559)

A

Catholics were banned from reading the books listed in the Index

81
Q

Council of Trent did what three things

A
  1. defined the official church position on matters of doctrine 2. acted to end the abuses in the church and those that surrounded the sale of indulgences 3. tightened discipline within the clergy
82
Q

Council of Trent said that

A
  1. you should depend on priests because God granted forgiveness only through the church 2. and salvation came from ceremonial church actions as well as individual faith
83
Q

during the 1530s to mid 1600s there were

A

devastating religious wars

84
Q

Most striking result of the religious upheaval

A

the appearance of many different churches

85
Q

bad spirits

A

called demons

made life difficult

86
Q

wise/cunning people

A

an older village member thought to have a special understanding of how the world worked

87
Q

good witches

A

another name for wise people

88
Q

bad witches

A

thought to bring bad luck

89
Q

bad witches were said to have made

A

a pact with the devil

90
Q

usually _________ were accused of being bad witches because _______

A

elderly widows

easy targets

91
Q

primary occupation of the people

A

farming

92
Q

communities tended to ____________ and ____________

A

work

make decisions together

93
Q

if anyone upset village traditions

A

they were treated harshly

94
Q

broadsides

A

single printed sheets of information

95
Q

almanacs

A

published predictions about the weather or prospects for growing crops

96
Q

standard of living

A

the measure of the quality of life

97
Q

peasantry made up ___% of the population

A

85-90

98
Q

Black Death reduced population by

A

1/3

99
Q

peasants were trapped in

A

poverty

100
Q

superstitions

A

no longer played an important role in people’s views of daily life

101
Q

Renaissance

A

means rebirth

a philosophical and artistic movement

► World History (79 decks)

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