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Chapter Five Flashcards

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1
Q

The Holy Land is known as

A

Palestine

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2
Q

Seljuk Turks

A

Muslims from East Asia

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3
Q

What was the Council of Clermont

A

a meeting that Pope Urban II called to urge the crusaders to take back the holy land after he sees the holy land being taken

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4
Q

What does Pope Urban II do at the Council of Clermont?

A

issues a call to recapture the holy land

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5
Q

Crusader

A

Term for people who volunteered to fight in the Crusades

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6
Q

How many people volunteered for the Crusades?

A

About 60,000 people volunteered to fight against the Turks

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7
Q

Promises made to those who fought in the Crusades

A
  1. Adventure 2. If you die in battle you will receive salvation 3. the rumor of wealth and riches
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8
Q

What happened to Jerusalem in the first Crusade

A

Was captured by the Muslims and Christians won it at the end of the Crusades

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9
Q

Saladin

A

Muslim leader in the third Crusade

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10
Q

The European leaders of the third crusade

A
  1. Frederick Barbardsa- Holy Roman Emperor 2. Richard the Lionhearted- King of England 3. Philip II- King of France
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11
Q

How successful were the leaders of the third Crusade

A

All three were unsuccessful

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12
Q

What did the merchants of Venice, Italy do in the fourth crusade

A

They persuaded the Crusaders to attack Constantinople

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13
Q

What was Constantinople

A

The rival city of Venice

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14
Q

What happened in 1204 to Constantinople

A

It is taken and looted by the crusaders and the crusaders were excommunicated

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15
Q

What happened at the beginning of the Children’s Crusade

A

an army of children marched towards the Holy Land

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16
Q

How did the Children’s Crusade end

A

Thousands were captured and sold into slavery

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17
Q

What was the overall objective of the Crusades

A

to regain control of the Holy Land

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18
Q

Were the Crusades a success

A

no. they were a failure because only one was successful

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19
Q

What was the political result of the Crusades

A

the European kings regained their authority

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20
Q

usury

A

loaning money for very high interest

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21
Q

bills of exchange

A

merchants payed for goods in distant cities without having to carry large amounts of money

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22
Q

What was the economic and social change brought about by the Crusades?

A

wealth not property determined one’s social status

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23
Q

three trading cities of Italy

A

Genoa, Pisa, and Venice

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24
Q

Hanseatic League

A

located in Germany; a group of trading cities joined together to protect their rights and interests

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25
Q

What was the reason that the Hanseatic League was formed?

A

There was a weak central government so they came together to control trade and protect their rights, interests, and members

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26
Q

name some luxury goods

A

dyes, medicines, silks, and spices

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27
Q

name some manufactured goods

A

cotton cloth, linen, and art objects

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28
Q

barter economy

A

goods and services were exchanged for other goods and services without the use of money

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29
Q

domestic system

A

a system of manufacturing that developed in the Middle Ages where manufacturing took place in a worker’s home rather than in a shop or factory

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30
Q

capital

A

wealth that is earned, saved, and invested to make profits

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31
Q

market economy

A

land, labor, and capital are controlled by individuals

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32
Q

usury

A

charging interests on loans

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33
Q

charters

A

written statements of the rights of the townspeople

34
Q

what were the four basic rights granted to townspeople

A

freedom
exemption
town justice
commercial privileges

35
Q

freedom

A

if you lived in the town for a year and a day you would be granted freedom

36
Q

exemption

A

free from work on the manor once granted freedom

37
Q

town justice

A

the court system of the towns

38
Q

commercial privileges

A

you could sell your goods in town

39
Q

the new middle class fell between

A

the nobility and the (already existing) middle class (working middle class)

40
Q

the French middle class

A

Bourgeoisie

41
Q

the English middle class

A

Burgesses

42
Q

the German middle class

A

Burghers

43
Q

How did the middle class gain power

A

through their economic status

44
Q

guilds

A

associations of merchants that governed the towns

45
Q

What did the Merchant guild do?

A

they set prices(determined the value of a product) and maintained quality standards

46
Q

What did the craft guilds consist of?

A

Skilled craftsmen were members. They set the rules for their trade. Members trained younger craftsmen.

47
Q

just price

A

the cost of materials plus a reasonable profit

48
Q

Facts about the apprentice

A

started usually around seven or eight years old; the apprentice learned the craft and earned no wages; usually lasted for about a five to ten year period

49
Q

journeyman

A

a skilled worker that now received wages; next step up from apprentice

50
Q

masterpiece

A

a work that would be judged by a master craftsman

51
Q

What happened in your masterpiece was approved?

A

you became a guild member

52
Q

three appeals of the town

A

better opportunities
provided protection
provided social interaction

53
Q

three dangers of towns

A

fire
thieves, pickpockets, robbers
no sanitation
diseases/epidemics ran rampant

54
Q

Black Death was also know as

A

the bubonic plague

55
Q

Some symptoms of the Black Death

A

fever

open sores on skin that eventually turned black

56
Q

How did the Black Death get to Europe

A

caravans from Asia brought rats that brought fleas and fleas were the carriers of the disease

57
Q

What was the impact of the plague?

A

about 20 million people in Europe died

priests could not deliver last rites to all of the dying

58
Q

Hundred Years’ War was for control of the

A

French throne

59
Q

Edward III

A

English monarch who claims French throne

60
Q

what did Edward do in 1337

A

invade France

61
Q

Joan of Arc

A

was a young peasant girl who claimed that God had spoken to her (and chosen her to lead the French against the English)

62
Q

Wars of the Roses was for control of the

A

English throne

63
Q

the Wars of the Roses was fought between

A

two royal families

64
Q

Who were the fighting families and what were their family symbols

A

Lancasters-red rose

Yorks-white rose

65
Q

Henry Tudor

A

(is a Lancaster and on the winning side) becomes Henry VII and establishes the Tudor dynasty

66
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella were what type of monarchs

A

duel monarchs

67
Q

inquisition

A

court that tried on the crime of heresy

68
Q

Reconquista

A

the Spaniards try to drive the Muslims out of Spain

69
Q

during Pope Innocent III rule the medieval papacy

A

reached the height of its power

70
Q

Church was questioned on _____, ______, and _______.

A

land holdings
raising money
rich clergy

71
Q

What did Pope Clement do in 1309

A

He moved the headquarters of the church to France

72
Q

New headquarters:

Old headquarters:

A

Avignon, France

Rome, Italy

73
Q

What began the Great Schism

A

Roman cardinals elect an Italian pope to please local mobs. Later, cardinals elect a French pope who resided in Avignon

74
Q

What did the Council of Constance in 1417 do

A

it eliminates both popes and elects a new (Italian) pope

75
Q

John Wycliffe

A

a priest and teacher at Oxford

76
Q

John Wycliffe didn’t believe in

A

the absolute power of the church

77
Q

John Wycliffe believed what about the Bible

A

he believed it was the only thing needed for salvation

78
Q

John Huss did what

A

criticized abuses in the church

79
Q

What was John Huss’s punishment

A

was excommunicated and then later burned at the stake

80
Q

The Crusades

A

a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land

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