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► World History > Chapter 14 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

new power source in 1870

A

electricity

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2
Q

Michael Faraday/magnetism

A

he discovered that he could use magnetism to generate electricity which led to the development of the first electric generator

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3
Q

early light bulb problem

A

they burned out in a number of minutes

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4
Q

to make electricity practical

A

it had to be transmitted efficiently from where it was generated to where it would be used

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5
Q

hydroelectric power

A

water-generated power

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6
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

invented the telephone

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7
Q

Guglielmo Marconi

A

developed a way to send messages through space without wires (wireless telegraphs)

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8
Q

Charles and Frank Duryea

A

built the first successful gasoline driven automobile in the United States

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9
Q

Henry Ford

A

made thousands of cars using the assembly line and produced the first commercially successful automobile, the Model T

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10
Q

Wilbur and Orville Wright

A

first people to achieve a sustained controlled flight in a powered airplane

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11
Q

where the Wright brothers’ flight took place

A

Kitty Hawk, NC

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12
Q

the scientific principles governing the movement of air around objects

A

aerodynamics

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13
Q

How were Thomas Edison’s lightbulbs and improvement on the one’s that came before?

A

the ones that came before burned out in a number of minutes; they burned for two days

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14
Q

How was the internal combustion engine different than engines that came before it?

A

the ones that came before it were limited because they had to remain connected to a power source; it created its own power and functioned on its own

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15
Q

biological sciences

A

sciences that deal with living organisms

biology, genetics, anatomy, botany, and zoology

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16
Q

physical sciences

A

deal with nonliving matter and energy; physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology

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17
Q

cell theory

A
  1. all living things are made up of these tiny units of living matter 2. all cells divide and multiply causing organisms to grow and mature
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18
Q

On the Origin of Species

A

Charles Darwin’s book that was his theory of evolution

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19
Q

survival of the fittest or natural selection

A

those who survive will be those whose characteristics are best adapted to their environment

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20
Q

controversy on Darwin’s evolution theory

A
  1. it stated that humans developed from animals 2. contradicted the story of creation in the Bible
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21
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

founded genetics

22
Q

genetics

A

the study of how the inborn characteristics of plants and animals are inherited by their descendants

23
Q

traits

A

those inborn characteristics

24
Q

Edward Jenner

A

developed the smallpox vaccine

25
Q

Louis Pasteur/bacteria

A

he identified microorganisms called bacteria; his experiments showed that bacteria reproduce like other living things

26
Q

pasteurization

A

a process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation

27
Q

Joseph Lister

A

developed antisepsis which is the use of chemicals to kill disease causing germs

28
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

discovered penicillin

29
Q

Mendeleyev

A

made the first workable classification of the elements (periodic table)

30
Q

The Curies/radioactivity

A

they worked with radioactivity and found that certain elements constantly break down to release energy in a process called radioactivity

31
Q

William Rontgen

A

discovered x-rays

32
Q

Albert Einstein

A

worked on the atom bomb; a young German scientist who published four papers that would forever change physics

33
Q

theory of relativity

A

no particle of matter can move faster than the speed of light and that motion can be measured only relative to a particle observer

34
Q

E=mc2

A

e=energy; m=mass; c=speed of light; expresses the relationship between energy and mass

35
Q

What characterized many of the people who emigrated during the 1800s?

A

they wanted better jobs, to better their economic condition, and to also better their political situation

36
Q

Why did people move from one place to another in Europe?

A

they moved to places where there were more jobs available or higher wages

37
Q

social sciences

A

those branches of knowledge that scientifically study people as members of society

38
Q

archaeology

A

the study of human culture through the artifacts people leave behind

39
Q

anthropology

A

the study of different societies both past and present

40
Q

sociology

A

the study of human relationships in a society

41
Q

Auguste Comte

A

one of the founders of sociology

42
Q

social Darwinism

A

people that are strong and have wealth have superior characteristics; poverty proved that people were unfit

43
Q

psychology

A

studies the mind and human behavior

44
Q

Ivan Pavlov/”classical conditioning”

A

there is a stimulus that illicites a response; discovered the conditioned reflex

45
Q

Sigmund Freud/psychoanalysis

A

he developed psychoanalysis; the unconscious is a determining factor in human behavior

46
Q

emigrations/change in populations

A

movements of people away from their native lands; estimated 10 million people left Europe for the Americas during this time

47
Q

bobbies

A

Robert Peel organized the first permanent police force in London

48
Q

suburbs

A

residential areas on the outskirts of cites

49
Q

Laissez-faire/capitalism

A

wants govt not to meddle in the operations of business/means let it be in French; individuals rather than govt control the factors of production

50
Q

Karl Marx/revolt of workers/socialist society

A

whet the workers rebel and united we will have a classless society

► World History (79 decks)

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