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► World History > Chapter 11 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Petition of Right

A

This was forced onto Charles I by the Parliament

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2
Q

What did the Petition of Right say?

A
  1. king could not tax unless Parliament approved it 2. the could not declare martial law 3. cannot board/house/shelter soldiers in private homes 4. the king could not imprison without a reason
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3
Q

martial law means

A

military rule

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4
Q

What was Charles I’s religious troubles about?

A

Charles liked the Anglican Church but he married a French Catholic; the Puritans opposed Charles

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5
Q

royal courts used by Charles

used to get rid of people he didn’t like

A

the Star Chamber

the Court of High Commissions

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6
Q

Matters in Scotland

A

Charles I tried to force Anglican policies in Scotland

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7
Q

National Covenant (1638)

A

the Scottish said that they were going to stand by their policies and not bow to the English’s wishes

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8
Q

the Long Parliament

A

is set up after Charles I dismissed Parliament; met for the first time in 1640 and met for the next 20 years

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9
Q

The House of Commons in the Long Parliament was controlled by the

A

Puritans

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10
Q

The Long Parliament condemned Charles I as a

A

tyrant

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11
Q

The English Civil War lasted from

A

1642-1649

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12
Q

Cavaliers

A

AKA Royalists; supported King Charles

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13
Q

Roundheads

A 
supported Parliament (mostly Puritans)
(name came from their haircut)
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14
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Puritan leader during the English Civil War; was disciplined and dictorial and very strict

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15
Q

New Model Army

A

the name of Cromwell’s army

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16
Q

Commonwealth

A

the new government of England

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17
Q

January 1649

A

Charles is defeated, convicted of treason, and beheaded

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18
Q

Who was the Lord Protector in Cromwell’s Commonwealth?

A

the Lord Protector was the leader of England and it was Cromwell’s title after the commonwealth was set up

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19
Q

Instrument of Government (1653)

A

Cromwell’s guidelines for governing

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20
Q

What happened at the end of the revolution and after Cromwell had died?

A

in 1660 Parliament invites Charles II (son of Charles I) to return as king of England

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21
Q

Charles II

A

son of Charles I

nickname was the Merry Monarch

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22
Q

Restoration

A

the monarchy was restored to England

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23
Q

What did the Restoration reflect?

A

It reflected a new beginning or rebirth of culture

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24
Q

Tories

A

favored the Anglican Church and hereditary monarchy

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25
Q

Whigs

A

favored a strong Parliament, opposed a Roman Catholic ruler

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26
Q

James

A

the brother of Charles II

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27
Q

in 1685 James

A

inherits the throne; was an absolute ruler

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28
Q

James had 2

A

daughters; Mary and Anne; Mary is oldest

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29
Q

Both daughters

A

are married and are Protestant

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30
Q

James then had a son so there was a threat of

A

a line of Roman Catholic monarchs

31
Q

1688 Parliament invites

A

Mary and her husband to replace James as monarch

32
Q

Glorious Revolution/ “Bloodless Revolution”

A

William and Mary invade; James flees and William and Mary become duel monarchs

33
Q

Leviathan

this is a book

A

written by Thomas Hobbes and it is his political philosophies

34
Q

Hobbes said in his book that

A

people choose their leader

35
Q

Social Contract said

A

we give the leader enough power in exchange for safety

36
Q

Natural world

A

only the strong will survive

37
Q

natural rights

A

John Locke introduced this concept; life liberty and the right to property

38
Q

John Locke said that if a ruler broke or violated rights

A

he could be replaced

39
Q

Two Treatises on Government

John Locke’s publication

A

it said an individual’s rights are superior

40
Q

writ

A

a court order

41
Q

Habeas Corpus means

A

you shall have the body

42
Q

the Habeas Corpus Act protected individuals

A

against unfair arrest

43
Q

English Bill of Rights

A
  1. Parliament will choose the leader of the government 2. freedom of speech 3. The king cannot impose taxes 4. Parliament must meet frequently 5. no cruel/unusual punishment 6. prohibits excessive bail
44
Q

Parliament was composed of

A

two chambers or houses

45
Q

The House of Lords

A

nobility and clergy

46
Q

House of Commons

A

made up of representatives from the rest of the population

47
Q

Cabinet

A

they are an advisory body and are in charge of an executive department

48
Q

Prime Minister

A

head of the majority party and leader of the government

49
Q

first prime minister of England

A

Robert Walpole

50
Q

limited constitutional monarchy

A

the crown has powers restricted by a constitution

51
Q

British constitution consisted of several documents that combine to form the basis of govt in England

A

Magna Carta; Bill of Rights; the Petition of Right; Habeas Corpus; tradition; Parliamentary legislation

52
Q

John Cabot

A

his voyage gave England its first claim in North America; he was a Venetian captain who sailed for England

53
Q

sea dogs

A

adventurous English sea captains that were traders but MOSTLY pirates and explorers

54
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A

first English sea captain to sail around the world

55
Q

Northwest Passage

A

a northern water route to Asia through or around North America but was never found

56
Q

Henry Hudson

A

one of the first to search for the Northwest Passage; sailed for the Dutch and discovered the Hudson River and Hudson Bay

57
Q

Jamestown

A

the first permanent English settlement in North America; established in 1607

58
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

founded by Pilgrims to escape religious persecution; second permanent English colony established; is in Massachusetts

59
Q

two reasons people came to North America

A
  1. came to find religious or political freedom and escape persecution 2. came for better lives for their families
60
Q

Enlightenment (1700s)

A

a movement where philosophers emphasized the use of reason

61
Q

the Enlightenment period was also called

A

the Age of Reason

62
Q

philosophes

A

the thinkers during the Enlightenment period

63
Q

the philosophies emphasized

A

freedom of religion, reform for the prison system, no government censorship

64
Q

The Spirit of Laws (1748)

A

Montesquieu’s book where he described the perfect government

65
Q

Montesquieu introduced the idea of separation of powers which is

A

where the government is divided into three co-equal branches- executive, legislative, judicial

66
Q

executive is there to

A

enforce (execute) the law

67
Q

legislative branch is there to

A

make the law

68
Q

judicial is there to

A

interpret the law

69
Q

Checks and balances

A

it prevents 1 of the 3 branches from dominating the other two

70
Q

Voltaire said that the best type of ruler was an

A

Enlightened Monarch which means there would be a king or queen that was educated and would protect the rights of his subjects

71
Q

Rosseau’s The Social Contract was

A

a book that described an ideal society

72
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the government is created and controlled by the people

73
Q

general will

A

what’s best for the majority

74
Q

Charles I was a believer in

A

the divine right theory

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