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► World History > Chapter 16 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

risorgimento

A

Italian for resurgence

it was a nationalist movement to revive tradition

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2
Q

What were the goals of the risorgimento?

A

liberation and unification

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3
Q

Carnonari

A

a secret society of nationalists who worked towards these goals

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4
Q

Mazzini

A

called for Italians to be patriots and join his Young Italy movement

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5
Q

Young Italy Movement

A

dedicated to spreading the ideas of the risorgimento

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6
Q

King Victor Emmanuel II’s goal was to

A

expand Sardinian territory

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7
Q

Camillo Cavour was

A

King Victor’s chief minister

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8
Q

Napoleon III of France sent troops to

A

help drive out Austria

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9
Q

war with Austria 1859

A

Sardinia and French forces drive out Austria

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10
Q

the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

A

the southern half of Italy plus the island of Sicily

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11
Q

Expedition of the Thousand

A

this army of Garibaldi’s of more than 1000 invaded and captured Sicily

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12
Q

red shirts

A

Garibaldi’s supporters were known as this

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13
Q

In 1870 what did Rome’s citizens do?

A

they voted for unification with Italy

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14
Q

three problems that unification in Italy brought

A
  1. Few Italians had experience with self govt 2. regions of the country remained divided by cultural traditions 3. tensions grew between the industrial N and agricultural S 4. standard of living of most Italians was low 5. labor problems arose
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15
Q

was the leader of the states in Germany

A

Prussia

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16
Q

there were independent states in Germany and each had their own

A

25

laws, currency, and rulers

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17
Q

leads fight for unification

A

Prussia

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18
Q

strengthening the army

A

army drafts soldiers for short periods of intensive training then soldiers go into reserves

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19
Q

Napoleon’s rule inspired in Germany

A

nationalism

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20
Q

nationalism

A

love of one’s country rather than of one’s native region

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21
Q

junkers

A

a class of aristocratic landowners

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22
Q

the junkers had complaints on tariffs because

A

they were hurting the sales of farm products

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23
Q

Zollverein

A

customs union of the German states that made prices lower and more uniform

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24
Q

politically each state continued

A

to act independently

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25
Q

a constitution in Germany provided for and becomes king of Prussia who appointed to head of the cabinet

A

a hereditary monarchy
William I
Otto von Bismarck

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26
Q

Schleswig and Holstein

A

two small states on the border between Denmark and Germany and were the focus of the Danish War because Denmark refused to revoke their constitution

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27
Q

at the end of the Danish War Prussia controls and Austria controls

A

Schleswig

Holstein

28
Q

Seven Weeks’ War Bismarck prepares for and persuaded and made an alliance with

A

conflict with Austria
Napoleon III to remain neutral
the new nation of Italy

29
Q

Outcome of the Seven Weeks’ War

A

Prussians defeated Austrians in seven weeks and the Treaty of Prague officially ended the war; Prussia emerges as the leader of the German Confederation

30
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

July 1870 France declared war on Prussia and in January 1871 Paris surrendered; France lost Alsace and part of Lorraine

31
Q

formation of the German Empire

A

Jan. 18, 1871 the German empire was formed with Berlin as the capital; Bismarck was named chancellor of the empire

32
Q

what were the upper and lower houses

A

Bundesrat was the upper house
Reichstag was the lower house
both of these were parts of the German legislature

33
Q

problems for the German empire after it was formed

A

constitution gave Bismarck limited power
dissatisfied groups formed political parties that opposed Bismarck
people feared Bismarck’s military policy and the army
Bismarck was Protestant

34
Q

Kultukampf

A

German for culture struggle
was an anti-Catholic program
in 1887 the program ended in failure

35
Q

German empire turns into an because rich in the natural resources of

A

industrial giant

coal and iron deposits

36
Q

Social Democratic Party (SDP)

A

formed in 1869 and members came from urban workers

37
Q

antisocial campaign by Bismarck

A

in 1883 laws gave workers insurance against sickness and accidents that were paid for by the employers

38
Q

resignation of Bismarck in 1888 Kaiser William I died and

A

William II was the grandson of William I who became the new emperor; he believed in the absolute authority of the emperor and in 1890 Bismarck resigned

39
Q

by the early 1900s was stronger than ever before but conflicts soon arose with

A

Germany

Great Britain

40
Q

in the mid 1800s was the largest in and

A

Russia
territory
population

41
Q

problems in Russia

A

industrial development lagged in Russia
resources lay undeveloped
ports were blocked by ice for much of the year

42
Q

ethnic groups in Russia

A

Belorussians-White Russians-west
Ukrainians-south
Great Russians-north and central Russia

43
Q

czar ruled as an which is

A

autocrat

a ruler with absolute power

44
Q

Russification

A

forced nonrussians to use the Russian language

45
Q

pan slavism

A

the union of all Slavic people under Russian leadership

the union of all the Russian people

46
Q

in 1855 became czar

A

Alexander II

47
Q

Emancipation Edict

A

it freed all serfs but created some problems as well; the peasants could get land but couldn’t afford it so moved to towns because they were unable to either buy or rent land

48
Q

zemstov

A

a rural district

49
Q

three groups with the right to vote

A

nobles
middle class
peasants

50
Q

nihilists

A

middle and upper class intellectuals who believed in building a completely new Russia

51
Q

People’s Will

A

a Russian radical group that used terrorism to try to force the government to grant its demands

52
Q

in 1881 Alexander II was

A

killed in a bomb attack by the People’s Will

53
Q

pogroms

A

riots where Jews were massacred

54
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

czar’s troops shot unarmed strikers
triggered the Revolution of 1905
October Manifesto promised individual liberties/personal liberties were given to the people

55
Q

Duma

A

the new parliament in Russia

56
Q

the Revolution of 1905 failed

A

to overthrow the czar

57
Q

Hungary

A

one of the largest parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire

58
Q

Magyars

A

largest part of the Austro-Hungarian population

59
Q

dual monarchy was

A

formed in 1867 when Hungary wanted independence and it was also called Austria-Hungary; the ruler was Francis Joseph I

60
Q

Hungary furnished and Austria produced

A

raw materials and food

manufactured goods

61
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

known as the sick man of Europe because its military defeats had decreased the empire’s territory; many were Christians and Jews

62
Q

The Ottoman empire region contained many that wanted to

A

diverse groups

govern themselves

63
Q

Foreign countries such as were interested because could gain

A

Russia
Russia
a water route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea

64
Q

Balkan League

A

Bulgaria
Serbia
Greece
Montenegro

65
Q

Congress of Vienna divided Italy into

A

several large and small states

► World History (79 decks)

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