Chapter 7 Notes Flashcards
scientific revolution
a period when experimentation and mathematics explained the mysteries
alchemist
people who attempted to mix metals to make gold
astrologists
studied the position of the stars and how they influenced people’s lifes
impact of the scientific revolution
people no longer explained the world in terms of religion, magic, or the ancient writings
new “tools” for study
experimentation, mathematics, and developing new instruments
Ptolemy’s theory
geocentric
means Earth-centered
what did the geocentric theory say
it said that the Earth was at the center and everything else revolved around the Earth
Why was Ptolemy’s geocentric theory accepted?
- the church supported it 2. gravity had not yet been discovered
Copernicus’s theory
heliocentric
means sun centered
What did the heliocentric theory say
- the sun was at the center of the universe 2. ultimately he could not prove his theory
What are Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?
- The planets travel in an elliptical orbit 2. Planets travel faster when they are closer to the sun 3. There is a relationship in the time that it takes to travel around the sun
Galileo
invented telescopes
What did Galileo’s published views do?
It got him into conflict with the church and he had to recant his findings
Isaac Newton
proposed the law of universal gravitation
What did the laws on gravitation do?
They gave credibility to Copernicus’s theory
What two things were introduced that changed navigation
astrolabe and compass
astrolabe
determined the latitude of a ship
What economic changes were caused by the commercial revolution
stable currency
banking services became specialized
late 1400s to 1700s
joint-stock company
investors bought shares in a company
These investors became co-owners
mercantilism
a country’s wealth was based on how much gold they had
balance of trade
where your goods are sold to other countries more than you are having to buy
tariffs
a tax on imports
What was the role of the colonies
proved the raw materials
They could not trade with other countries
Three social changes during this time
the desire to learn more increased
increase in population
opportunity for quick profit
Mercantilism stated that
a country’s government should do all it could to increase the country’s wealth
Countries could achieve a favorable balance of trade by
placing tariffs or import taxes on good entering their country
Prince Henry also known as
The Navigator
First goal of Prince Henry
Find gold for Portugal
Bartholomeu Dias 1488
Rounded the tip of South Africa
Old name for the tip of South Africa
Cape of storms
New name for the tip of South Africa
Cape of Good Hope