Chapter 17 Notes Flashcards by B -

imperialism

when one country takes control of another country

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country might control the other’s

government, trade, or culture

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by 1914 European powers, Japan, and the U.S.

controlled almost the entire world

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imperialism usually started when

merchants or explorers went to foreign lands

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local people had very little say

in what happened to their land and the process

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four types of control

settlement colony, dependent colony, protectorate, spere of influence

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settlement colony

large groups of people from one country living together in a new place

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dependent colony

a few European officials ruled the non-European people

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an example of a settlement colony

Australia was a settlement colony of Great Britain

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an example of a dependent colony

India was a dependent colony of Great Britain

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protectorate

local ruler kept his title but Europeans really controlled the area

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sphere of influence

an area in which one nation had a special interest

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nationalism

pride or devotion for one’s country

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colonies were seen as

places to get troops for bigger armies

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“from coal to coal”

from coaling station to coaling station; talked about the range of a steamship

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coaling station

a place where ships could refuel

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tiny island became and and also became objects of

coaling stations
naval bases
fierce competition among naval powers

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economic motives for imperialism

industrialization, new markets, and population growth

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nations needed but didn’t want to depend

a lot of raw materials

on other nations for raw materials

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create new markets by

changing people’s habits

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create more business for Europe; more for factories, and more for everyone

business
workers
money

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between 1800 and 1900

world population doubled

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industrial development created

many jobs

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displaced farmers and laborers found it necessary

to go elsewhere or move for work

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"White man's burden"

a phrase used to sum up the Western attitude toward non-Western people

non-Western people were

primitive | "half devil and half child"

how Europeans used the idea of "burden"

to justify imposing their own values and cultural ideas on other people

according to non-imperialists the only burden the white man wanted was

the burden of colonial wealth

missionaries hoped to

convert people to Christianity

other work of missionaries

1. helped to build schools and teach in them 2. cared for sick and helped to establish and operate hospitals 3. provided medical help and training

attitude toward N. Africa

French looked to expand their empire and colonize

Algiers

A Muslim state in the Ottoman Empire

for 40 years the French fought

against almost continuos local rebellions

Tunis

east of Algiers and part of Ottoman Empire

1881

Tunis became a French protectorate

Tunis governor

stayed as ruler but the French controlled the country

Morocco was located

on the Strait of Gibraltar which was a very strategic location

in 1854 the French began building in

a canal | Egypt

canal would connect

the Isthmus of Suez to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea

building and spending sent Egypt so Egypt decides to

into debt | sell its stock in the Suez canal

Britain in 1875 buys

the Egyptian stock and eventually they gained control of the canal

Sudan

an Egyptian colony that both Britain and France wanted to control

Britain wanted to and France wanted to

build dams along the river | add Sudan to their colonies

outcome of the Fashoda crisis

Great Britain and Egypt won joint control of Sudan

West Africa was a major center of

the slave trade

early 1800s most European countries had

abolished the slave trade

former slaver centers turned to

other types of trade such as palm oil,feathers, ivory, and rubber

Liberia

only independent state in West Africa | settled by former slaves from the United States

US kept Liberia from becoming

a European colony

Henry Stanley was hired in 1871 to

find Dr. David Livingstone

Dr. David Livingstone

a missionary who had disappeared in central Africa

1890s Rinderpest

a disease carried by cattle imported from Europe that killed a lot of people

the people were too weak because of the Rinderpest to

resist the Europeans

in 1652 European settlement in

South Africa began

Capetown

settled by the Dutch | was a supply station for ships sailing to the east indies

the Boers

descendants of the original Dutch settlers

Great Trek

the mass migration of the Boers out of Cape Colony

Boers came into contact with

the Zulu and Shaka was a great leader of the Zulu

in 1879 the British joined the war and

assisted the Boers in defeating and destroying the Zulu empire

Boers had kept the British

from opening mines (diamond)

1899 the broke out and defeated the

Boer War British Boers

British kept the Boers peaceful by

1. allowing them to keep using their language in schools and courts 2. provided funds for the Boers to rebuild their destroyed farms

English began a system of

racial segregation called apartheid

Shaka

led the great Zulu Empire in a fight against the Boers

paternalism

a way of ruling based on the belief that Africans cannot rule themselves

Sir Henry Stanley

hired to find Dr. David Livingstone, a missionary who disappeared in Central Africa

Boer War

a conflict tha tended with the British gaining control of the Transvaal

assimilation

what happens when people give up their own culture completely and adopt another culture

Boers

speak Afrikaans and migrated north and east in the Great Trek when the British came into South Africa

Cecil Rhodes

completely controlled South African diamond production

governing colonies as parents would guide children

paternalism

name given by Europeans to the race for African colonies

the Scramble for Africa

system of governing colonies by allowing local rulers to keep some power

indirect rule

farm product sold for money on world market

cash crop

European power's control of colony at all levels by appointing its officials

direct rule

possession of a country or an area by a foreign power

a colony

policy of slowly absorbing colonies politically and culturally

assimilation