Chapter 17 Notes Flashcards
imperialism
when one country takes control of another country
country might control the other’s
government, trade, or culture
by 1914 European powers, Japan, and the U.S.
controlled almost the entire world
imperialism usually started when
merchants or explorers went to foreign lands
local people had very little say
in what happened to their land and the process
four types of control
settlement colony, dependent colony, protectorate, spere of influence
settlement colony
large groups of people from one country living together in a new place
dependent colony
a few European officials ruled the non-European people
an example of a settlement colony
Australia was a settlement colony of Great Britain
an example of a dependent colony
India was a dependent colony of Great Britain
protectorate
local ruler kept his title but Europeans really controlled the area
sphere of influence
an area in which one nation had a special interest
nationalism
pride or devotion for one’s country
colonies were seen as
places to get troops for bigger armies
“from coal to coal”
from coaling station to coaling station; talked about the range of a steamship
coaling station
a place where ships could refuel
tiny island became and and also became objects of
coaling stations
naval bases
fierce competition among naval powers
economic motives for imperialism
industrialization, new markets, and population growth
nations needed but didn’t want to depend
a lot of raw materials
on other nations for raw materials
create new markets by
changing people’s habits
create more business for Europe; more for factories, and more for everyone
business
workers
money
between 1800 and 1900
world population doubled
industrial development created
many jobs
displaced farmers and laborers found it necessary
to go elsewhere or move for work
“White man’s burden”
a phrase used to sum up the Western attitude toward non-Western people
non-Western people were
primitive
“half devil and half child”
how Europeans used the idea of “burden”
to justify imposing their own values and cultural ideas on other people
according to non-imperialists the only burden the white man wanted was
the burden of colonial wealth
missionaries hoped to
convert people to Christianity
other work of missionaries
- helped to build schools and teach in them 2. cared for sick and helped to establish and operate hospitals 3. provided medical help and training
attitude toward N. Africa
French looked to expand their empire and colonize
Algiers
A Muslim state in the Ottoman Empire
for 40 years the French fought
against almost continuos local rebellions
Tunis
east of Algiers and part of Ottoman Empire
1881
Tunis became a French protectorate
Tunis governor
stayed as ruler but the French controlled the country
Morocco was located
on the Strait of Gibraltar which was a very strategic location
in 1854 the French began building in
a canal
Egypt
canal would connect
the Isthmus of Suez to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
building and spending sent Egypt so Egypt decides to
into debt
sell its stock in the Suez canal
Britain in 1875 buys
the Egyptian stock and eventually they gained control of the canal
Sudan
an Egyptian colony that both Britain and France wanted to control
Britain wanted to and France wanted to
build dams along the river
add Sudan to their colonies
outcome of the Fashoda crisis
Great Britain and Egypt won joint control of Sudan
West Africa was a major center of
the slave trade
early 1800s most European countries had
abolished the slave trade
former slaver centers turned to
other types of trade such as palm oil,feathers, ivory, and rubber
Liberia
only independent state in West Africa
settled by former slaves from the United States
US kept Liberia from becoming
a European colony
Henry Stanley was hired in 1871 to
find Dr. David Livingstone
Dr. David Livingstone
a missionary who had disappeared in central Africa
1890s Rinderpest
a disease carried by cattle imported from Europe that killed a lot of people
the people were too weak because of the Rinderpest to
resist the Europeans
in 1652 European settlement in
South Africa began
Capetown
settled by the Dutch
was a supply station for ships sailing to the east indies
the Boers
descendants of the original Dutch settlers
Great Trek
the mass migration of the Boers out of Cape Colony
Boers came into contact with
the Zulu and Shaka was a great leader of the Zulu
in 1879 the British joined the war and
assisted the Boers in defeating and destroying the Zulu empire
Boers had kept the British
from opening mines (diamond)
1899 the broke out and defeated the
Boer War
British
Boers
British kept the Boers peaceful by
- allowing them to keep using their language in schools and courts 2. provided funds for the Boers to rebuild their destroyed farms
English began a system of
racial segregation called apartheid
Shaka
led the great Zulu Empire in a fight against the Boers
paternalism
a way of ruling based on the belief that Africans cannot rule themselves
Sir Henry Stanley
hired to find Dr. David Livingstone, a missionary who disappeared in Central Africa
Boer War
a conflict tha tended with the British gaining control of the Transvaal
assimilation
what happens when people give up their own culture completely and adopt another culture
Boers
speak Afrikaans and migrated north and east in the Great Trek when the British came into South Africa
Cecil Rhodes
completely controlled South African diamond production
governing colonies as parents would guide children
paternalism
name given by Europeans to the race for African colonies
the Scramble for Africa
system of governing colonies by allowing local rulers to keep some power
indirect rule
farm product sold for money on world market
cash crop
European power’s control of colony at all levels by appointing its officials
direct rule
possession of a country or an area by a foreign power
a colony
policy of slowly absorbing colonies politically and culturally
assimilation
