Chapter 7 Fill in the Blank

Question 1

____________ used spells and magic formulas to try to change one substance to another.

Answer 1

Alchemists

Question 2

______believed that positions of stars influenced human life.

Answer 2

Astrologists

Question 3

________ relied on religious teachings and works of classical thinkers to explain mysteries of nature.

Answer 3

Natural philosophers

Question 4

During the era of the ___________, people began using experiments and mathematics to understand many mysteries

Answer 4

Scientific Revolution

Question 5

Johann Kepler published his _____________________ to eventually prove the heliocentric theory.

Answer 5

laws of planetary motion 1609

Question 6

Through his own telescope, Galileo was able to see ___________, ____________, ___________, and ___________.

Answer 6

the mountains and valleys of the moon
rings around Saturn
sun spots
moons circling Jupiter

Question 7

Church scholars disapproved of Galileo’s theory because it contradicted the

Answer 7

Bible

Question 8

An English-Irish chemist, ___________, helped pioneer the modern science of chemistry.

Answer 8

Robert Boyle

Question 9

An English chemist, __________, discovered the element oxygen in 1774 and ________, French scientist, later named it.

Answer 9

Joseph Priestley

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 10

Before Lavoisier, people believed _______ was an element.

Answer 10

fire

Question 11

built his own telescope and argued that not every heavenly body revolves around the sun

Answer 11

Galilieo

Question 12

a brilliant mathematician who proved the heliocentric theory

Answer 12

Johann Kepler

Question 13

developed the heliocentric or sun-centered theory

Answer 13

Copernicus

Question 14

proposed the law of universal gravitation, which states that all bodies attract each other

Answer 14

Isaac Newton

Question 15

pioneered the modern science of chemistry

Answer 15

Robert Boyle

Question 16

A new focus was begun to find new routes to the east. To do this, Europeans needed

Answer 16

Better maps, navigation instruments, and ships

Question 17

Economic changes were so great between the 1400s and 1700s, it is referred to as the

Answer 17

Commercial revolution

Question 18

The _________ allowed owners and merchants to sell shares, or ______ in their company to investors

Answer 18

Joint stock company

Stock

Question 19

Joint stock companies raise large sums of money from investors to

Answer 19

Finance exploration

Question 20

With a _________ A country received _________ from other nations than it paid to them

Answer 20

Favorable balance of trade

Gold and silver

Question 21

During the 1500s and after, European powers aimed to ______ that were rich in __________ that couldn’t be produced at home

Answer 21

Colonize overseas lands

Gold, silver, and raw materials

Question 22

The ________ and the ______ caused a desire among many Europeans to learn more about the world

Answer 22

Renaissance

Scientific revolution

Question 23

Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, at the southern tip of _______ in 1488

Answer 23

Africa

Question 24

The middle passage was part of the system known as ________, which exchanged cotton goods and weapons for slaves, slaves for plantation goods, and plantation goods for manufactured goods

Answer 24

Triangular trade