Chapter 7 Fill in the Blank Flashcards
____________ used spells and magic formulas to try to change one substance to another.
Alchemists
______believed that positions of stars influenced human life.
Astrologists
________ relied on religious teachings and works of classical thinkers to explain mysteries of nature.
Natural philosophers
During the era of the ___________, people began using experiments and mathematics to understand many mysteries
Scientific Revolution
Johann Kepler published his _____________________ to eventually prove the heliocentric theory.
laws of planetary motion 1609
Through his own telescope, Galileo was able to see ___________, ____________, ___________, and ___________.
the mountains and valleys of the moon
rings around Saturn
sun spots
moons circling Jupiter
Church scholars disapproved of Galileo’s theory because it contradicted the
Bible
An English-Irish chemist, ___________, helped pioneer the modern science of chemistry.
Robert Boyle
An English chemist, __________, discovered the element oxygen in 1774 and ________, French scientist, later named it.
Joseph Priestley
Antoine Lavoisier
Before Lavoisier, people believed _______ was an element.
fire
built his own telescope and argued that not every heavenly body revolves around the sun
Galilieo
a brilliant mathematician who proved the heliocentric theory
Johann Kepler
developed the heliocentric or sun-centered theory
Copernicus
proposed the law of universal gravitation, which states that all bodies attract each other
Isaac Newton
pioneered the modern science of chemistry
Robert Boyle
A new focus was begun to find new routes to the east. To do this, Europeans needed
Better maps, navigation instruments, and ships
Economic changes were so great between the 1400s and 1700s, it is referred to as the
Commercial revolution
The _________ allowed owners and merchants to sell shares, or ______ in their company to investors
Joint stock company
Stock
Joint stock companies raise large sums of money from investors to
Finance exploration
With a _________ A country received _________ from other nations than it paid to them
Favorable balance of trade
Gold and silver
During the 1500s and after, European powers aimed to ______ that were rich in __________ that couldn’t be produced at home
Colonize overseas lands
Gold, silver, and raw materials
The ________ and the ______ caused a desire among many Europeans to learn more about the world
Renaissance
Scientific revolution
Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, at the southern tip of _______ in 1488
Africa
The middle passage was part of the system known as ________, which exchanged cotton goods and weapons for slaves, slaves for plantation goods, and plantation goods for manufactured goods
Triangular trade
