Prac 40 Flashcards
职
职〔職〕 zhí 1 duty; job ▶ 尽职 jìnzhí 2 post; office ▶ 就职 jiùzhí, 在职 zàizhí 3 manage; direct ▶ 职掌 zhízhǎng 4 OLD(used in official reports to superiors) I 5 FORMALbecause of
职是之故
zhíshìzhigù
for this particular reason
照顾
照顾〔-顧〕
zhàogu
1 give consideration to; show consideration for; make allowance(s) for
照顾到两国的友好关系
Zhàogu dào liǎng guó de yǒuhǎo guānxi
out of consideration for the friendship of the two countries
照顾全局
zhàogu quánjú
take the whole into account; consider the situation as a whole
照顾多数
zhàogu duōshù
make allowance for the majority; think in terms of the majority
照顾实际需要
zhàogu shíjì xūyào
consider actual needs
照顾他的困难
zhàogu tā de kùnnan
take his difficulties into account
给予适当照顾
jǐyǔ shìdàng zhàogu
give appropriate preferential treatment
青年团的工作要照顾青年的特点。
Qīngniántuán de gōngzuò yào zhàogu qīngnián de tèdiǎn.
The Youth League in its work must take the characteristics of youth into consideration.
2 look after; care for; attend to
照顾伤员
Zhàogu shāngyuán
look after the wounded
烈军属受到政府的特别照顾。
Liè jūnshǔ shòudào zhèngfǔ de tèbié zhàogu.
Families of martyrs and servicemen receive special care from the government.
3 (of a customer) patronize
家务
家务〔-務〕
jiāwù
household duties
家务劳动
jiāwù láodòng
housework; household chores
家务总也做不完。
Jiāwù zǒng yě zuò bù wán.
Household chores never get completely finished. or There is no end to household chores.
务
务〔務〕 wù 1 affair; business ▶ 公务 gōngwù 2 be engaged in; devote one's efforts to ▶ 务农 wùnóng 3 ADVERBmust; be sure to
务使大家明了这一点。
Wùshǐ dàjiā míng le zhè yīdiǎn.
Be sure to make this point clear to everyone.
务请光临指导。
Wù qǐng guānglín zhǐdǎo.
You are cordially invited to come and give guidance.
4 (used as part of a place name)
曹家务
Cáo jiāwù
Caojiawu (in Hebei)
权利
权利〔權-〕
quánlì
right
劳动的权利
Láodòng de quánlì
the right to work
受教育的权利
shòu jiàoyù de quánlì
the right to education
作用
作用
zuòyòng
1 act on; affect
外界事物作用于我们的感官, 在我们的头脑中形成印象。
Wàijiè shìwù zuòyòng yú wǒmen de gǎnguān, zài wǒmen de tóunǎo zhōng xíngchéng yìnxiàng.
External things act on our sense organs and give rise to impressions in our brains.
2 action; function
化学作用
huàxué zuòyòng
chemical action
心脏的作用
xīnzàng de zuòyòng
the function of the heart
3 effect
起作用
qǐ zuòyòng
be effective
起积极作用
qǐ jījí zuòyòng
play a positive role
不起作用
bù qǐ zuòyòng
be ineffective; won’t work
4 purpose; intention; motive
他说那句话有什么作用？
Tā shuō nà jù huà yǒu shénme zuòyòng？
What was his purpose in saying that?
他那样说是有他的作用的。
Tā nàyàng shuō shì yǒu tā de zuòyòng de.
He had an axe to grind when he said that.
社会
社会〔-會〕
shèhuì
society; community
人类社会
rénlèi shèhuì
human society
国际社会
guójì shèhuì
international community
社会财富
shèhuì cáifù
wealth of society; public wealth
社会地位
shèhuì dìwèi
social position; social status
社会福利
shèhuì fúlì
social welfare; public welfare
社会环境
shèhuì huánjìng
social environment
社会基础
shèhuì jīchǔ
social base; social basis
社会实践
shèhuì shíjiàn
social practice
不只
不只
bùzhǐ
CONJUNCTIONnot only; not merely
河水不只可供灌溉, 且可用来发电。
Héshuǐ bù zhǐ kě gōng guàngài, qiě kě yòng lái fādiàn.
River waters can be used not only for irrigation but also for the generation of electricity.
几乎
几乎〔幾-〕
jīhū
ADVERBalmost; nearly; practically
他几乎一夜没睡。
Tā jīhū yī yè méi shuì.
He lay awake almost the whole night.
我在物理学方面的知识, 几乎等于零。
Wǒ zài wùlǐxué fāngmiàn de zhīshi, jīhū děngyú líng.
My knowledge of physics is practically nil.
你比我几乎高了一头。
Nǐ bǐ wǒ jīhū gāo le yī tóu.
You’re nearly a head taller than I.
故乡变化太大了, 我几乎认不出来了。
Gùxiāng biànhuà tài dà le, wǒ jīhū rèn bù chūlai le.
My home town had changed so much that I could hardly recognize it.
我脚下一滑, 几乎(没)摔倒。
Wǒ jiǎo xià yī huá, jīhū (méi) shuāidǎo.
I slipped and nearly fell.
不是你提醒我, 我几乎忘了。
Bù shì nǐ tíxǐng wǒ, wǒ jīhū wàng le.
It would have slipped my mind if you hadn’t reminded me of it.
VARIANTS
几几乎〔幾幾乎〕 jījīhū
双
双〔雙/㕠〕
shuāng
1 two; twin; both; dual
双目失明
shuāngmù shīmíng
blind in both eyes
双发动机飞机
shuāng fādòngjī fēijī
a twin-engined plane
粮食、棉花双丰收 liángshi, miánhua shuāng fēngshōu bumper harvests of both grain and cotton 2 MEASURE WORD(for shoes, socks, chopsticks, etc.) pair
一双鞋
yī shuāng xié
a pair of shoes
一双袜子 yī shuāng wàzi a pair of socks 3 (opp. 单 “odd”) even ▶ 双数 shuāngshù, 双号 shuānghào 4 double; twofold
双份
shuāngfèn
double the amount; twice as much
职工
职工〔職-〕 zhígōng 1 staff and workers; workers and staff members 2 OLDworkers; labour
职工运动
zhígōng yùndòng
labour movement; trade union movement
要是
要是
yàoshi
CONJUNCTION INFORMALif; suppose; in case
要是下雨怎么办？
Yào shi xiàyǔ zěnme bàn？
What if it rains? or Suppose it rains?
要是有人问的话, 就说我去看病了。
Yào shi yǒurén wèn de huà, jiù shuō wǒ qù kànbìng le.
If anyone asks for me, just say I’ve gone out to see a doctor.
要是别人, 我才不管呢。
Yào shi biéren, wǒ cái bù guǎn ne.
If it had been somebody else, I wouldn’t have bothered myself.
看不起
看不起
kànbuqǐ
INFORMALlook down on; scorn; despise
别看不起这本小字典, 它真能帮助我们解决问题。
Bié kàn bu qǐ zhè běn xiǎo zìdiǎn, tā zhēn néng bāngzhù wǒmen jiějué wèntí.
Don’t look down on this little dictionary. It really solves our problems.
你别看他不起, 人家可是位大诗人呢!
Nǐ bié kàn tā bù qǐ, rénjia kěshì wèi dà shīrén ne!
Don’t look down on him. He’s actually a fine poet.
他太骄傲了, 总看不起别人。
Tā tài jiāo’ào le, zǒng kànbuqǐ biéren.
He is very proud and always holds others in contempt.
为了
为了〔為-〕
wèile
PREPOSITIONfor; for the sake of; in order to
为了健康戒烟
Wèile jiànkāng jièyān
give up smoking for the sake of health
他们现在学英语是为了以后学工。
Tāmen xiànzài xué Yīngyǔ shì wèile yǐhòu xué gōng.
They are learning English in order that they can study engineering.
为了准确起见, 他再次核查数字。
Wèile zhǔnquè qǐjiàn, tā zàicì héchá shùzì.
To make sure, he checked all the figures over again.
就业
就业〔-業〕
jiùyè
obtain employment; take up an occupation; get a job
充分就业
chōngfèn jiùyè
full employment
就业不足
jiùyèbùzú
underemployment
公平
公平
gōngpíng
fair; just; impartial; equitable
公平合理
gōngpíng hélǐ
fair and reasonable
买卖公平
mǎimài gōngpíng
be fair in buying and selling; buy and sell at reasonable prices
公平交易
gōngpíng jiāoyì
fair deal
公平的协议
gōngpíng de xiéyì
an equitable agreement
社会公平
shèhuì gōngpíng
social equity
公平税负的原则
gōngpíng shuì fù de yuánzé
the principle of keeping taxation fair and reasonable
太不公平了。
Tài bù gōngpíng le.
It’s grossly unfair.
平等
平等
píngděng
equality
男女平等
Nán-nǚ píngděng
equality between the sexes
平等互利
píngděnghùlì
equality and mutual benefit
平等协商
píngděng xiéshāng
consultation on the basis of equality
平等待遇
píngděng dàiyù
equal treatment
平等待人
píngděng dàirén
treat others as equals
在平等的基础上
zài píngděng de jīchǔ shàng
on an equal footing
各国主权平等
gèguó zhǔquán píngděng
sovereign equality of all nations
单位
单位〔單-〕
dānwèi
1 unit (as a standard of measurement)
长度单位
chángdù dānwèi
a unit of length
货币单位
huòbì dānwèi
monetary unit
单位面积产量
dānwèi miànji chǎnliàng
yield per unit area
以秒为单位计算时间
yǐ miǎo wéi dānwèi jìsuàn shíjiān
measure time by the second
2 unit (as an organization, department, division, section, etc.)
行政单位
xíngzhèng dānwèi
administrative unit
生产单位
shēngchǎn dānwèi
production unit
基层单位
jīcéng dānwèi
basic (or grass-roots) unit
竞争
竞争〔競爭〕
jìngzhēng
compete
市场竞争
shìchǎng jìngzhēng
competition for markets
自由竞争
zìyóu jìngzhēng
free competition
竞争能力
jìngzhēng nénglì
competitive power
竞争优势
jìngzhēng yōushì
competitive edge
富有竞争力
fùyǒu jìngzhēnglì
(of a price, product, etc.) highly competitive
同样
同样〔-樣〕
tóngyàng
same; equal; similar
同样的方法
Tóngyàng de fāngfǎ
the same method
同样情况下
tóngyàng qíngkuàng xià
under similar circumstances
同样地懂得
tóngyàng de dǒngde
know equally well
他说英语和法语同样流利。
Tā shuō Yīngyǔ hé Fǎyǔ tóngyàng liúlì.
He speaks English and French with equal fluency.
对中国古代的文化, 我们要吸收其中有益的东西, 同样, 对外国的也应如此。
Duì Zhōngguó gǔdài de wénhuà, wǒmen yào xīshōu qízhōng yǒuyì de dōngxi, tóngyàng, duì wàiguó de yě yīng rúcǐ.
We should assimilate whatever is beneficial in ancient Chinese culture, and deal with foreign culture likewise.
地位
地位
dìwèi
1 position; standing; place; status
政治地位
Zhèngzhì dìwèi
political position (or standing)
国际地位
guójì dìwèi
international standing
经济地位
jīngjì dìwèi
economic status
社会地位
shèhuì dìwèi
social position (or status)
地位平等
dìwèi píngděng
equal in status; on an equal footing
一定的历史地位
yīdìng de lìshǐ dìwèi
a proper or definite place in history
他地位变了, 但普通劳动者的本色没有变。
Tā dìwèi biàn le, dàn pǔtōng láodòngzhě de běnshǎi méiyǒu biàn.
His status has changed but he’s kept the fine qualities of an ordinary labourer.
2 place (as occupied by a person or thing)
担负
担负〔擔負〕
dānfù
bear; shoulder; take on; be charged with
担负责任
Dānfù zérèn
shoulder responsibility
担负费用
dānfù fèiyong
bear an expense
担负领导工作
dānfù lǐngdǎo gōngzuò
hold a leading post
担
担〔擔〕
dān
1 carry on a shoulder pole
担水
dānshuǐ
carry water (with a shoulder pole and buckets)
2 take on; undertake
咱们把任务担起来。
Zánmen bǎ rènwu dān qǐlai.
Let’s take on the job.
不怕担风险
Bù pà dān fēngxiǎn
be ready to face any danger; not be afraid of running risks
See dàn
负
负〔負〕
fù
1
FORMALcarry on the back or shoulder
负薪
fùxīn
carry firewood on one’s back
2 shoulder; bear
身负重任
shēnfùzhòngrèn
shoulder an important task
负责任
fù zérèn
assume the responsibility
3 have at one’s back; rely on
负险固守 fù xiǎn gùshǒu put up a stubborn defence by relying on one's strategic position 4 suffer ▶ 负伤 fùshāng 5 enjoy
久负盛名
jiǔfùshèngmíng
have long enjoyed a good reputation
6 owe ▶ 负债 fùzhài
7 fail in one’s duty, obligation, etc.; betray ▶ 负约 fùyuē
8 lose (a battle, game, etc.); be defeated
一比二负于对方
yī bǐ èr fù yú duìfāng
lose the match 1：2
该队以两胜一负的成绩取得小组第二名。
Gāi duì yǐ liǎng shèng yī fù de chéngjì qǔdé xiǎozǔ dì-èr míng.
The team finished second in its group with two wins and one loss.
9
MATHEMATICSless than zero; minus; negative
负乘负得正。
Fù chéng fù de zhèng.
A negative number multiplied by another negative number makes the product positive.
负一点五 Fù yīdiǎn wǔ minus one point five (－1.5) 10 ELECTRICITYnegative ▶ 负极 fùjí
占
占/佔
zhàn
1 occupy; seize; take
占用不少时间
Zhànyòng bùshǎo shíjiān
take up much time
2 constitute; hold; make up; account for
占多(少)数
zhàn duō (shǎo) shù
constitute the majority (minority)
占统治地位
zhàn tǒngzhì dìwèi
hold (or occupy) a dominant position
占世界第一位
zhàn shìjiè dì-yī wèi
rank first in the world
占总产值的百分之四十
zhàn zǒngchǎnzhí de bǎifēn zhī sìshí
make up (or account for, amount to) 40 per cent of the total output value
海洋几乎占地球表面四分之三。
Hǎiyáng jīhū zhàn dìqiú biǎomiàn sìfēn zhī sān.
The sea covers nearly three-fourths of the earth’s surface.
See zhān
部长
部长〔-長〕
bùzhǎng
minister; head of a department (under the Party Central Committee)
外贸部部长
wàimào bù bùzhǎng
Minister of Foreign Trade
对外联络部部长
duìwài liánluòbù bùzhǎng
Head of the International Liaison Department
省委宣传部部长
shěng-wěi xuānchuánbù bùzhǎng
Director of the Propaganda Department of a provincial Party committee
封建
封建 fēngjiàn 1 the system of enfeoffment (see also 分封制 fēnfēngzhì) 2 feudalism 3 feudal; feudalistic
头脑封建
Tóunǎo fēngjiàn
feudal-minded
服从
服从〔-從〕
fúcóng
obey; submit (oneself) to; be subordinated to
服从命令
Fúcóng mìnglìng
obey orders
少数服从多数。
Shǎoshù fúcóng duōshù.
The minority should submit to the majority.
个人利益应当服从集体利益。
Gèrén lìyì yīngdāng fúcóng jítǐ lìyì.
One’s personal interests should be subordinated to the interests of the collective.
矛盾
矛盾
máodùn
1
PHILOSOPHY LOGICcontradiction
矛盾的普遍性(特殊性)
Máodùn de pǔbiànxìng (tèshūxìng)
the universality (particularity) of contradiction
主要(非主要)矛盾
zhǔyào (fēi zhǔyào) máodùn
principal (nonprincipal) contradiction
矛盾的主要(次要)方面
máodùn de zhǔyào (cì yào) fāngmiàn
the principal (secondary) aspect of a contradiction
矛盾的同一性(斗争性)
máodùn de tóngyīxìng (dòuzhēng xìng)
the identity (struggle) of opposites
对抗性(非对抗性)矛盾
duìkàngxìng(fēiduìkàngxìng)máodùn
antagonistic (nonantagonistic) contradiction
矛盾的转化
máodùn de zhuǎnhuà
the transformation of a contradiction
2 problem; conflict; contradiction
双方发生矛盾已有多年。
Shuāngfāng fāshēng máodùn yǐ yǒu duō nián.
The two sides have been in conflict for years.
他俩在闹矛盾。
Tā liǎ zài nào máodùn.
The two of them have fallen out.
矛盾百出
máodùnbǎichū
full of contradictions
矛盾上交
máodùn shàngjiāo
pass on problems to a higher level instead of solving them oneself
3 contradict
他说的话前后矛盾。
Tā shuō de huà qiánhòu máodùn.
He was contradicting himself in what he said.
4 contradictory
这两种意见并不矛盾。
Zhè liǎng zhǒng yìjian bìng bù máodùn.
These two views are not contradictory (or mutually exclusive).
他的心情很矛盾。
Tā de xīnqíng hěn máodùn.
His feelings were mixed.
完全
完全
wánquán
1 complete; whole
他话没说完全。 Tā huà méi shuō wánquán. He didn't give a full picture. 2 ADVERBcompletely; fully; wholly; entirely; absolutely
完全错了
Wánquán cuò le
be completely wrong
完全不同
wánquán bùtóng
be totally different; have nothing in common
完全相反
wánquán xiāngfǎn
be the exact opposite
完全正确
wánquán zhèngquè
perfectly right; absolutely correct
完全有资格
wánquán yǒu zīgé
fully qualified; fully eligible
完全彻底为人民服务
wánquán chèdǐ wèi rénmín fúwù
serve the people heart and soul
他完全同意我们的意见。
Tā wánquán tóngyì wǒmen de yìjian.
He fully agrees with us.
她完全不考虑个人得失。
Tā wánquán bù kǎolǜ gèrén dé-shī.
She gave no thought whatsoever to personal gain or loss.
报酬
报酬〔報-〕
bàochou
reward; remuneration; pay
不计报酬
bù jì bàochou
not concerned about pay; irrespective of remuneration
在发展生产的基础上逐步提高劳动报酬
zài fāzhǎn shēngchǎn de jīchǔ shàng zhúbù tígāo láodòng bàochou
gradually increase payment for labour on the basis of increased production
工作很累, 报酬不多
gōngzuò hěn lèi, bàochou bù duō
get very little in reward for one’s hard work
她找到了一个报酬比较好的工作。
Tā zhǎodào le yī ge bàochou bǐjiào hǎo de gōngzuò.
She has found a more remunerative job.
建筑
建筑〔-築〕
jiànzhù
1 build; construct; erect
建筑桥梁
jiànzhù qiáoliáng
construct a bridge
建筑高楼
jiànzhù gāolóu
erect a tall building
建筑铁路
jiànzhù tiělù
build a railway
你不能把自己的幸福建筑在别人的痛苦上。
Nǐ bù néng bǎ zìjǐ de xìngfú jiànzhù zài biéren de tòngkǔ shàng.
You shouldn’t build your happiness on the suffering of other people.
2 building; structure; edifice
古老的建筑
Gǔlǎo de jiànzhù
an ancient building
宏伟的建筑
hóngwěi de jiànzhù
a magnificent structure
3 architecture
他是学现代建筑的。
Tā shì xué xiàndài jiànzhù de.
His speciality is modern architecture.
建筑设计
Jiànzhù shèjì
architectural design
欠
欠
qiàn
1 yawn ▶ 哈欠 hāqian
2 raise slightly (a part of the body)
欠脚儿
qiàn jiǎor
slightly raise one’s heels
1 owe; be behind with
欠租
qiànzū
be behind with the rent
我欠他十块钱。
Wǒ qiàn tā shí kuài qián.
I owe him ten yuan.
我还欠图书馆一本书。
Wǒ hái qiàn túshūguǎn yī běn shū.
I still owe the library a book.
2 not enough; lacking; wanting
文字欠通。
Wénzì qiàn tōng.
The writing is not altogether grammatical. or The wording is some-what awkward.
欠三天就是一个月了。
Qiàn sān tiān jiù shì yī ge yuè le.
It’s three days short of a month.
你这样做有点欠聪明。
Nǐ zhèyàng zuò yǒu diǎn qiàn cōngming.
You weren’t shrewd enough in your handling of the matter. or It wasn’t very wise of you to have done that.
说话欠考虑 Shuōhuà qiàn kǎolǜ be too free with one's tongue 3 DIALECTbe fidgety and bungling
他手欠着呢。
Tā shǒu qiàn zhe ne.
He always likes to fiddle with things.
嘴欠
zuǐ qiàn
have a loose tongue
勇敢
勇敢
yǒnggǎn
brave; courageous
勤劳勇敢的人民
qínláo yǒnggǎn de rénmín
a brave and industrious people
勇敢善战
yǒnggǎnshànzhàn
courageous and skilful in battle
自信
自信
zìxìn
self-confident; confident
有自信心
yǒu zìxìnxīn
have self-confidence; be confident (or sure) of oneself
缺乏自信
quēfá zìxìn
lack confidence in oneself
她自信自己能赢。
Tā zìxìn zìjǐ néng yíng.
She is confident that she will win.
我自信能够完成这项任务。
Wǒ zìxìn nénggòu wánchéng zhè xiàng rènwu.
I’m sure I can fulfil the task.
副业
副业〔-業〕
fùyè
sideline; side occupation
副业生产
fùyè shēngchǎn
sideline (or supplementary, subsidiary) production
家庭副业
jiātíng fùyè
household sideline production
赚
赚〔賺〕
zhuàn
1 make a profit; gain
这家商行做出口生意赚得可多了。 Zhè jiā shāngháng zuò chūkǒu shēngyi zhuàn de kě duō le. The firm made large profits from exports. 2 INFORMALprofit 3 DIALECTearn (money) See zuàn
赔
赔〔賠〕
péi
1 make good a loss; compensate; pay for; indemnify
玻璃是我打碎的, 由我来赔。
Bōli shì wǒ dǎsuì de, yóu wǒ lái péi.
I broke the glass, so I’ll pay for it.
2 lose money in business; stand a loss
去年我们赔的钱, 这一笔生意全赚回来了。
Qùnián wǒmen péi de qián, zhè yī bǐ shēngyi quán zhuàn huílai le.
We have retrieved in this bargain all the money we lost last year.
你算算咱们是赔是赚。
Nǐ suàn suàn zánmen shì péi shì zhuàn.
Balance the accounts and see if we have made any money.
激烈
激烈
jīliè
intense; sharp; fierce; acute
激烈的争论
jīliè de zhēnglùn
heated argument
一场激烈的比赛
yī chǎng jīliè de bǐsài
a closely fought game; a gruelling match
争吵得很激烈
zhēngchǎo de hěn jīliè
quarrel bitterly
这一仗打得很激烈。
Zhè yī zhàng dǎ de hěn jīliè.
It was a fierce fight.
两派爆发了激烈的冲突。
Liǎng pài bàofā le jīliè de chōngtū.
A fierce conflict erupted between the two factions.
口袋
口袋
kǒudài
pocket
培训
培训〔-訓〕
péixùn
train (personnel)
培训医务工作者
péixùn yīwù gōngzuòzhě
train medical personnel
培训导游人员
péixùn dǎoyóu rényuán
train tourist guides
在职培训
zàizhí péixùn
on-the-job training
短期强化培训
duǎnqī qiánghuà péixùn
short-term intensified training
全职
全职〔-職〕
quánzhí
full-time job
