Prac 39 Flashcards
夸奖
夸奖〔誇獎〕
kuā·jiǎng
praise; commend
老师夸奖他进步快。
Lǎoshī kuājiǎng tā jìnbù kuài.
The teacher praised him for his rapid progress.
夸
夸〔誇〕
kuā
1 exaggerate; overstate; boast
她把一点小事夸得比天还大。
Tā bǎ yīdiǎn xiǎoshì kuā de bǐ tiān hái dà.
She’s made a mountain out of a molehill.
2 praise
人人都夸她机灵。
Rénrén dōu kuā tā jīling.
Everyone praised her for her cleverness.
成绩不夸跑不了, 缺点不找不得了。
Chéngjì bù kuā pǎobùliǎo, quēdiǎn bù zhǎo bùdéliǎo.
Merits uncited will not vanish; shortcomings undiscovered may prove disastrous.
奖
奖〔獎〕
jiǎng
1 encourage; praise; reward
有功者奖。
Yǒugōng zhě jiǎng.
Those who have gained merit will be rewarded.
奖勤罚懒, 奖优罚劣
jiǎngqínfálǎn, jiǎngyōufáliè
reward the diligent and good and punish the lazy and bad
2 award; prize; reward
得奖
déjiǎng
win a prize
一等奖
yīděng jiǎng
first prize
满
满〔滿〕
mǎn
1 full; filled; packed
满满一卡车煤
mǎnmǎn yī kǎchē méi
a full truckload of coal
这两个抽屉都满了。
Zhè liǎng ge chōuti dōu mǎn le.
Both drawers are full.
屋里坐满了人。
Wū lǐ zuò mǎn le rén.
The room was packed with people.
果树满山坡。
Guǒshù mǎn shānpō.
The slope was covered with fruit trees.
欢声笑语满山村。
Huānshēngxiàoyǔ mǎn shāncūn.
The mountain village rang with cheers and laughter.
话不能说得太满、太绝。
Huà bù néng shuō de tài mǎn, tài jué.
One shouldn’t speak in absolute terms, leaving no room for compromise.
满头大汗
mǎntóudàhàn
one’s face streaming with sweat
满脑子封建思想
mǎn nǎozi fēngjiàn sīxiǎng
be steeped in feudal ideology
2 fill
再给你满上一杯。
Zài gěi nǐ mǎn shàng yī bēi.
Let me fill your glass once more.
3 expire; reach the limit
年满十八的公民
Nián mǎn shíbā de gōngmín
citizens who have reached the age of 18
他的服役期还没满。
Tā de fúyì qī hái méi mǎn.
His term of military service hasn’t expired yet.
她学徒还不满一年。
Tā xuétú hái bù mǎn yī nián.
It isn’t a year yet since she became an apprentice.
假期已满。 Jiàqī yǐ mǎn. The holidays are over. 4 ADVERBcompletely; entirely; perfectly
满有信心
Mǎn yǒu xìnxīn
be fully confident
满不是那么回事。
Mǎn bù shì nàme huí shì.
That wasn’t the way it was at all.
我满以为他会同意的。 Wǒ mǎn yǐwéi tā huì tóngyì de. I had counted on him to agree with me. 5 ADVERBquite; very
这首歌满好听。
Zhè shǒu gē mǎn hǎotīng.
This song is quite pleasant.
您说的满对。
Nín shuō de mǎn duì.
What you’ve said is quite right.
节目倒也满不错。 Jiémù dào yě mǎn bùcuò. The performances were pretty good. 6 satisfied ▶ 不满 bùmǎn 7 complacent; conceited ▶ 自满 zìmǎn 8 (Mǎn) the Man nationality See also 满族 Mǎnzú 9 (Mǎn) a surname
碗
碗/盌/椀
wǎn
1 bowl
摆碗筷
bǎi wǎn-kuài
put out bowls and chopsticks for a meal; set (or lay) the table
2 bowl-like thing
分工
分工
fēngōng
division of labour
分工负责
fēngōngfùzé
division of labour with individual responsibility
咱们怎么分工？
Zánmen zěnme fēngōng？
How shall we divide up the work?
社会分工
shèhuì fēngōng
social division of labour
合作
合作
hézuò
cooperate; collaborate; work together
互相合作
hùxiāng hézuò
cooperate with each other
这幅画是他们合作的。
Zhè fú huà shì tāmen hézuò de.
This painting is their joint work.
南南合作
Nán-Nán hézuò
South-South cooperation
华人
华人〔華-〕
huárén
Chinese
美籍华人
Měijí Huárén
an American Chinese
必须
必须〔-須〕
bìxū
ADVERBmust; have to
必须指出
Bìxū zhǐchū
it must be pointed out that
共产党员必须勇于批评和自我批评。
Gòngchǎndǎngyuán bìxū yǒngyú pīpíng hé zìwǒ pīpíng.
A Communist must be bold in criticism and self-criticism.
必须厉行节约。
Bìxū lìxíngjiéyuē.
It is imperative to practise economy.
学习必须刻苦。
Xuéxí bìxū kèkǔ.
Study demands diligence.
毕业
毕业〔畢業〕
bìyè
graduate; finish school
还有一年, 他就大学毕业了。
Háiyǒu yī nián, tā jiù dàxué bìyè le.
He’ll graduate from college next year.
他中学还没毕业就参了军。
Tā zhōngxué hái méi bìyè jiù cēn le jūn.
He enlisted before he had finished middle school.
别扭
别扭〔別-〕
bièniu
1 awkward; difficult; uncomfortable
这两天我心里很别扭。
Zhè liǎng tiān wǒ xīnli hěn bièniu.
I’ve been feeling depressed the past few days.
这个人真别扭。
Zhège rén zhēn bièniu.
That chap is really difficult to deal with (or is really contrary).
她刚来牧区的时候, 生活上感到有点别扭。
Tā gāng lái mùqū de shíhou, shēnghuó shàng gǎndào yǒu diǎn bièniu.
When she first came to this pastoral area, she found life here a bit difficult to get used to.
事情老是这样别扭。
Shìqing lǎo shì zhèyàng bièniu.
Things never seem to go smoothly.
这个天气真别扭, 一会儿冷, 一会儿热。
Zhège tiānqì zhēn bièniu, yīhuìr lěng, yīhuìr rè.
The weather is unpredictable-now cold, now hot.
2 not see eye to eye; disagree
两个人素来有些别别扭扭的。
Liǎng ge rén sùlái yǒuxiē bié bièniu niǔ de.
The two of them often have difficulty with each other.
3 (of speech or writing) unnatural; awkward
这句话听起来有点别扭。
Zhè jù huà tīng qǐlai yǒu diǎn bièniu.
This sentence sounds a bit awkward.
See also 闹别扭 nào bièniu
改
改
gǎi
1 change; transform
几年没来, 这儿完全改样了。
Jǐ nián méi lái, zhèr wánquán gǎi yàng le.
I’ve been away for only a few years, but the place has completely changed.
改洼地为稻田
Gǎi wādì wèi dàotián
transform lowlands into paddy fields
2 alter; revise
改灶节煤
gǎi zào jié méi
make alterations in an oven so that it will burn less coal
请把这条裤子改短一些。
Qǐng bǎ zhè tiáo kùzi gǎi duǎn yīxiē.
Please have this pair of trousers shortened.
这个戏已经改了好多次了。
Zhège xì yǐjing gǎi le hǎoduō cì le.
The play has been revised many times.
他写完这篇文章以后, 又改了改。
Tā xiě wán zhè piān wénzhāng yǐhòu, yòu gǎi le gǎi.
After he finished writing the essay he made a few more changes in it.
3 correct; rectify; put right
改作业
gǎi zuòyè
correct students’ homework or papers
有错误一定要改。
Yǒu cuòwù yīdìng yào gǎi.
Any mistakes you’ve made must be corrected.
4 (followed by a verb) switch over to (doing sth. else)
改种水稻
Gǎi zhòng shuǐdào
switch over to growing rice
改乘五路公共汽车
gǎi chéng wǔ lù gōnggòng qìchē
change to a No. 5 bus
改用良种
gǎiyòng liángzhǒng
begin to use improved varieties
他现在改踢左后卫。
Tā xiànzài gǎi tī zuǒ hòuwèi.
He’s playing left-back now.
究竟
究竟
jiūjìng
1 outcome; what actually happened
大家都想知道个究竟。
Dàjiā dōu xiǎng zhīdao ge jiūjìng.
Everybody wants to know what actually happened.
不管什么事, 他总爱问个究竟。
Bùguǎn shénme shì, tā zǒng ài wèn ge jiūjìng.
He always likes to get to the heart of a matter, whatever it may be.
2
ADVERB(used in questions to press for an exact answer) actually; exactly
明天的会究竟谁去参加？
Míngtiān de huì jiūjìng shuí qù cānjiā？
Who is actually going to the meeting tomorrow?
你们究竟要什么？
Nǐmen jiūjìng yào shénme？
What exactly do you want?
这究竟是什么意思？
Zhè jiūjìng shì shénme yìsi？
Whatever does this mean?
他究竟上哪儿去了？ Tā jiūjìng shàng nǎr qù le？ Where on earth is he? 3 ADVERBafter all; anyway; finally
他究竟经验丰富, 让他负责这项工作最合适。
Tā jiūjìng jīngyàn fēngfù, ràng tā fùzé zhè xiàng gōngzuò zuì héshì.
After all, he is very experienced, so it is only suitable to put him in charge of the job.
他究竟是你弟弟。
Tā jiūjìng shì nǐ dìdi.
Anyway he is your younger brother.
初中
初中
chūzhōng
short for 初级中学 chūjí zhōngxué
初
初
chū
1 the beginning of; the early part of
八月初
Bāyuè chū
early in August; in early August
本世纪初
běn shìjì chū
the beginning of this century
2 first (in order)
初雪
chūxuě
first snow
初战
chūzhàn
first battle
初一(五、十)
chūyī(wǔ, shí)
the first (fifth, tenth) day of the lunar month
3 for the first time; just beginning
感冒初起
gǎnmào chū qǐ
with the first symptoms of a cold
初具规模
chūjùguīmó
be just beginning to take shape
初上阵的战士
chū shàngzhèn de zhànshì
soldiers going into action for the first time
4 elementary; rudimentary ▶ 初级 chūjí, 初等 chūděng
5 original
和好如初
héhǎorúchū
become good friends again; become reconciled
6 (Chū) a surname
高中
高中
gāozhōng
short for 高级中学 gāojí zhōngxué
敢
敢
gǎn
1 bold; courageous; daring ▶ 勇敢 yǒnggǎn
2 be brave enough; dare
敢想、敢说、敢干
Gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn
dare to think, dare to speak and dare to act
过去连想都不敢想的事, 现在变成了现实。
Guòqu lián xiǎng dōu bù gǎn xiǎng de shì, xiànzài biànchéng le xiànshí.
What one couldn’t even imagine in the past has now become reality.
3 have the confidence to; be certain; be sure
我敢说他一定乐于接受这个任务。
Wǒ gǎn shuō tā yīdìng lèyú jiēshòu zhège rènwu.
I’m confident he will be willing to undertake the task.
我不敢说他究竟哪一天来。 Wǒ bù gǎn shuō tā jiūjìng nǎ yī tiān lái. I'm not sure just what day he will come. 4 FORMAL POLITEmake bold; venture
敢问
Gǎnwèn
I venture to ask; may I ask
DIALECTperhaps; I’m afraid
打听
打听〔-聽〕
dǎting
ask about; inquire about
跟您打听一件事。
Gēn nín dǎting yī jiàn shì.
I’d like to ask you about something.
打听战友的消息
Dǎting zhànyǒu de xiāoxi
inquire about one’s comrades-in-arms
瘦
瘦
shòu
1 thin; emaciated
他长得很瘦。
Tā zhǎng de hěn shòu.
He is very thin.
脸瘦
Liǎn shòu
be thin in the face
2 lean
瘦肉
shòuròu
lean meat
3 tight
这件上衣腰身瘦了点。
Zhè jiàn shàngyī yāoshēn shòu le diǎn.
The coat is a bit tight at the waist.
4 not fertile; poor
瘦土薄田
Shòu tǔ báo tián
poor soil and barren land
谈
谈〔談〕
tán
1 talk; chat; discuss
他谈了自己的看法。
Tā tán le zìjǐ de kànfǎ.
He offered his personal views.
第一次见面他们就谈得很投机。
Dì-yī cì jiànmiàn tāmen jiù tán de hěn tóujī.
They had a most agreeable chat when they first met.
他谈到我国工业发展的前景。
Tā tán dào wǒguó gōngyè fāzhǎn de qiánjǐng.
He talked about the prospects for industrial development in our country.
我们好好谈谈。
Wǒmen hǎohāo tán tán.
Let’s have a good chat.
我想同你们谈一谈文学创作问题。
Wǒ xiǎng tóng nǐ men tán yī tán wénxué chuàngzuò wèntí.
I would like to discuss with you the question of creative writing.
2 what is said or talked about ▶ 奇谈 qítán
3 (Tán) a surname
理想
理想
lǐxiǎng
1 an ideal
他的理想很高。
Tā de lǐxiǎng hěn gāo.
He has high ideals.
你理想中的丈夫是个什么样的人？
Nǐ lǐxiǎng zhōng de zhàngfu shì ge shénmeyàng de rén？
What’s your ideal of what a husband should be?
在现实面前, 他的理想都破灭了。
Zài xiànshí miànqián, tā de lǐxiǎng dōu pòmiè le.
All his ideals were destroyed by actualities.
2 be ideal
天气很理想。
Tiānqì hěn lǐxiǎng.
The weather is ideal.
他找到了一个理想的伴侣。
Tā zhǎodào le yī ge lǐxiǎng de bànlǚ.
He found an ideal companion.
他考得不够理想。
Tā kǎo dé bùgòu lǐxiǎng.
He didn’t do too well in the exam.
平常
平常
píngcháng
1 ordinary; common
这种现象很平常。
Zhèzhǒng xiànxiàng hěn píngcháng.
This sort of thing is quite a common occurrence.
2 generally; usually; ordinarily; as a rule
平常我很少进城。
Píngcháng wǒ hěn shǎo jìnchéng.
I don’t go to town much as a rule.
这个词儿平常很少用。
Zhège cír píngcháng hěn shǎo yòng.
This word is seldom used on ordinary occasions.
研究生
研究生
yánjiūshēng
postgraduate (student); graduate student
握手
握手
wòshǒu
shake hands; clasp hands
握
握
wò
hold; grasp
握笔
Wòbǐ
hold a writing brush or pen
辞
辞
take leave ▶ 告辞 gàocí
2 decline; resign
他辞了科长的职务。
Tā cí le kēzhǎng de zhíwù.
He resigned his post of section chief.
固辞
gùcí
firmly decline
3 dismiss; discharge
老板把他给辞了。
Lǎobǎn bǎ tā gěi cí le.
His boss dismissed him.
宁静
宁静〔寧靜〕
níngjìng
peaceful; tranquil; quiet; calm
宁静的夜晚
níngjìng de yèwǎn
a tranquil night
心里渐渐宁静下来
xīnli jiànjiàn níngjìng xiàlai
calm down gradually
风衣
风衣〔風-〕
fēngyī
windcheater; windbreaker; wind-jacket
引起
引起
yǐnqǐ
give rise to; lead to; set off; touch off; cause; arouse
引起严重后果
yǐnqǐ yánzhòng hòuguǒ
lead to grave consequences
引起连锁反应
yǐnqǐ liánsuǒ fǎnyìng
set off a chain reaction
引起公愤
yǐnqǐ gōngfèn
arouse (or touch off) public indignation
引起强烈的反响
yǐnqǐ qiángliè de fǎnxiǎng
cause strong repercussions
引起怀疑
yǐnqǐ huáiyí
arouse suspicion
引起注意
yǐnqǐ zhùyì
bring to sb.’s attention
引起一场热烈的讨论
yǐnqǐ yī cháng rèliè de tǎolùn
evoke a heated discussion
由此而引起的一切后果
yóucǐ ér yǐnqǐ de yīqiè hòuguǒ
all consequences arising therefrom
事故是由于粗心大意而引起的。
Shìgù shì yóuyú cūxīndàyì ér yǐnqǐ de.
The accident was caused by carelessness.
沉思
沉思
chénsī
ponder; meditate; be lost in thought
他为这个问题沉思了好久。
Tā wèi zhège wèntí chénsī le hǎojiǔ.
He pondered over this problem for a long time.
陷入沉思之中
Xiànrù chénsī zhīzhōng
be lost in thought; be deep in meditation
允许
允许〔-許〕
yǔnxǔ
permit; allow
不允许任何破坏纪律的现象存在
bù yǔnxǔ rènhé pòhuài jìlǜ de xiànxiàng cúnzài
permit no breach of discipline
这是我国内政, 不允许任何外来干涉。
Zhè shì wǒguó nèizhèng, bù yǔnxǔ rènhé wàilái gānshè.
This is our internal affair which brooks no outside interference.
请允许我代表全厂职工向你们致谢。
Qǐng yǔnxǔ wǒ dàibiǎo quán chǎng zhígōng xiàng nǐmen zhìxiè.
Allow me to thank you on behalf of our factory.
痛苦
痛苦
tòngkǔ
pain; suffering; agony
我得离开老家, 感到很痛苦。
Wǒ děi líkāi lǎojiā, gǎndào hěn tòngkǔ.
It pains me to have to leave my old home.
关心病人的痛苦
Guānxīn bìngrén de tòngkǔ
be concerned about the sufferings of the patient
精神上的痛苦
jīngshén shàng de tòngkǔ
mental agony
煮
煮
zhǔ
boil; cook
煮鸡蛋
zhǔjīdàn
boil eggs or boiled eggs
煮饭
zhǔfàn
cook rice
菜谱
菜谱〔-譜〕
càipǔ
1 menu; bill of fare
2 cookery book
啰嗦
啰嗦
luōsuo
1 talkative; long-winded; wordy
他说话太啰嗦。
Tā shuō huà tài luō suo.
He’s far too long-winded.
他啰啰嗦嗦地说了半天, 还是没把问题说清楚。
Tā luō luō suō suō de shuō le bàntiān, háishi méi bǎ wèntí shuō qīngchu.
He talked on and on but didn’t make himself clear.
我再啰嗦几句。
Wǒ zài luō suo jǐ jù.
Let me say just another word or two. or Bear with me a little longer.
我告诉过你不能去, 你怎么还跟我啰嗦？
Wǒ gàosu guò nǐ bù néng qù, nǐ zěnme hái gēn wǒ luō suo？
I told you you’re not going, why do you have to ask over and over again?
2 fussy
3 overelaborate; troublesome
这些手续真啰嗦。
Zhèxiē shǒuxù zhēn luō suo.
All these formalities are overelaborate.
这真是件啰嗦事儿!
Zhè zhēn shì jiàn luō suo shìr!
This is really a troublesome matter!
VARIANTS
啰唆 luōsuo
终于
终于〔終於〕
zhōngyú
ADVERBat (long) last; in the end; finally
她终于到了, 晚了将近半小时。
Tā zhōngyú dào le, wǎn le jiāngjìn bàn xiǎoshí.
At long last she arrived, about half an hour late.
中国登山队终于胜利地登上了珠峰。
Zhōngguó dēngshānduì zhōngyú shènglì de dēng shàng le Zhūfēng.
The Chinese mountaineering expedition finally succeeded in scaling Mount Qomolangma.
尽管多方医治, 终于还是把他受伤的腿锯了。
Jǐnguǎn duōfāng yīzhì, zhōngyú háishi bǎ tā shòushāng de tuǐ jù le.
All the treatments were to no avail and in the end they had to amputate his wounded leg.
