Physics (MOD 2) - Chapter 1 Flashcards
define acute radiodermatitis
radiation burns
the cathode ray tube is-
a partial vacuum tube that produces an electron stream
define ionizing radiation
radiation with sufficient energy to ionize atoms
when was Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen born?
March 27, 1845
what was Roentgen’s research?
x-light
what does “x” in x-light mean?
representing the unknown
what was the cardboard painted with during Roentgen’s research of the x-light?
barium platinocyanide
when did Roentgen discover x-rays?
November 8, 1895
when did Roentgen produce the first x-ray?
December 22, 1895
what object did roentgen capture for his first image?
his wife’s hand
roentgen completed his investigation and wrote-
the first of three communications (informal papers) on the subject
what did physicians look for on patient’s when using x-rays?
- bullets
- kidney and gallbladder stones
- broken bones
why was the cathode tube and generators inefficient at the time?
exposure times would range from 20/30 minutes up to 2 hours
what was a result for the long exposure times?
acute radiodermatitis, also known as radiation burns
why did Thomas Edison discontinue his investigation?
he suffered radiation burns to his face, and left eye
who was Thomas Edison’s assistant?
Clarence Dally
when did Clarence Dally died?
1904
what was a result of Clarence Dally’s investigation?
developed severe radiation burns
what was the only method of treatment for radiation burns?
amputations
how were technicians and doctors who worked with radiation identified?
amputations and gloved hands
what other ways were x-rays used?
entertainment
other than physicians, who else took advantage of x-rays?
advertisers and manufacturers
what are the three factors of the quantities pyramid?
- fundamental quantities
- derived quantities
- special/radiologic quantities
what are part of the fundamental quantities?
- mass
- length
- time
what are parts of the derived quantities?
- velocity
- acceleration
- force
- momentum
- work
- power
what are parts of the special/radiologic quantities?
- dose
- dose equivalent
- exposure
- radioactivity
what are the two systems of measure?
- British system
- system international (SI)
- metric system
_____ is the quantity of matter contained in an object
mass
______ is anything that occupies space, has shape or form, and has mass.
matter
The ____ is actually a measure of the gravitational force exerted on a body, also known as weight.
pound
what are the factors for the SI system?
- kilogram
- meter
- second
what are the factors for the metric system?
- pound
- foot
- second
______ is equal to distance traveled, divided by the time necessary to cover that distance. Measure of speed.
velocity
what is the formula to find velocity?
v = d/t = m/s
velocity = distance / time = meters per second
what is the unit of measurement for velocity?
meters per second
what is the constant velocity of x-rays?
- speed of light
- 3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s
_____ represents the changes in velocity
acceleration
what is the formula to find acceleration?
a = (Vf - Vo) / t = m/s ^ 2
acceleration (final velocity - original velocity) / time
what is the unit of measurement for acceleration?
meter per second squared
_____ is a push, a pull, or other action that changes the motion of an object
force
what is the formula to find force?
F = ma - N
force = mass x acceleration = Newton
what is the unit of measurement for Force?
Newton
_______ is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its velocity
momentum
what is the formula to find momentum?
p = mv = kg-m/s
momentum = mass x velocity = kilogram-meters per second
what is the unit of measurement for momentum?
kilogram-meters per second
______ is an expression of the force applied to an object multiplied by the distance across which it is applied.
work
what is the formula to find work?
Work = Fd = J
work = force x distance = Joule
what is the unit of measurement for work?
joules
_____ is equal to work divided by time during which work is done.
power
what is the formula to find power?
P = work / t = W
power = work / time = watts
what is the unit of measurement for power?
watts
______ is the property of an object with mass that resists a change in its state of motion
inertia
what is Newton’s first law?
- This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an external force.
- An object in motion will remain in motion at the same velocity and in the same direction unless acted on by an external force.
_______ is simply the ability to do work. It has two states, which are referred to as potential energy and kinetic energy
energy
_______ energy is energy in a stored state. It has the ability to do work by virtue of state or position.
potential
________ energy is energy being expended. In other words, it is in the act of doing work.
kinetic
what are the different forms of energy?
- electromagnetic
- electrical
- chemical
- thermal
__________ energy is a form of energy that exists as an electric and magnetic disturbance in space.
electromagnetic
________ energy is a form that is created by the flow of electricity
electrical
________ energy is a form that exists through chemical reactions
chemical
_________ energy is a form of energy that exists because of atomic and molecular motion.
thermal
what does ram mean?
radiation absorbed dose
what does rem mean?
radiation equivalent man
The _______ is a measure of the number of electrons liberated by ionization per kilogram of air.
coulomb/kilogram
______ is the removal of electrons from atoms.
ionization
The _______ is used to quantify radiation intensity
roentgen
