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:] > Physics (MOD 2) - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Physics (MOD 2) - Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define acute radiodermatitis

A

radiation burns

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2
Q

the cathode ray tube is-

A

a partial vacuum tube that produces an electron stream

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3
Q

define ionizing radiation

A

radiation with sufficient energy to ionize atoms

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4
Q

when was Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen born?

A

March 27, 1845

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5
Q

what was Roentgen’s research?

A

x-light

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6
Q

what does “x” in x-light mean?

A

representing the unknown

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7
Q

what was the cardboard painted with during Roentgen’s research of the x-light?

A

barium platinocyanide

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8
Q

when did Roentgen discover x-rays?

A

November 8, 1895

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9
Q

when did Roentgen produce the first x-ray?

A

December 22, 1895

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10
Q

what object did roentgen capture for his first image?

A

his wife’s hand

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11
Q

roentgen completed his investigation and wrote-

A

the first of three communications (informal papers) on the subject

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12
Q

what did physicians look for on patient’s when using x-rays?

A
  • bullets
  • kidney and gallbladder stones
  • broken bones
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13
Q

why was the cathode tube and generators inefficient at the time?

A

exposure times would range from 20/30 minutes up to 2 hours

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14
Q

what was a result for the long exposure times?

A

acute radiodermatitis, also known as radiation burns

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15
Q

why did Thomas Edison discontinue his investigation?

A

he suffered radiation burns to his face, and left eye

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16
Q

who was Thomas Edison’s assistant?

A

Clarence Dally

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17
Q

when did Clarence Dally died?

A

1904

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18
Q

what was a result of Clarence Dally’s investigation?

A

developed severe radiation burns

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19
Q

what was the only method of treatment for radiation burns?

A

amputations

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20
Q

how were technicians and doctors who worked with radiation identified?

A

amputations and gloved hands

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21
Q

what other ways were x-rays used?

A

entertainment

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22
Q

other than physicians, who else took advantage of x-rays?

A

advertisers and manufacturers

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23
Q

what are the three factors of the quantities pyramid?

A
  • fundamental quantities
  • derived quantities
  • special/radiologic quantities
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24
Q

what are part of the fundamental quantities?

A
  • mass
  • length
  • time
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25
Q

what are parts of the derived quantities?

A
  • velocity
  • acceleration
  • force
  • momentum
  • work
  • power
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26
Q

what are parts of the special/radiologic quantities?

A
  • dose
  • dose equivalent
  • exposure
  • radioactivity
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27
Q

what are the two systems of measure?

A
  • British system
  • system international (SI)
  • metric system
28
Q

_____ is the quantity of matter contained in an object

A

mass

29
Q

______ is anything that occupies space, has shape or form, and has mass.

A

matter

30
Q

The ____ is actually a measure of the gravitational force exerted on a body, also known as weight.

A

pound

31
Q

what are the factors for the SI system?

A
  • kilogram
  • meter
  • second
32
Q

what are the factors for the metric system?

A
  • pound
  • foot
  • second
33
Q

______ is equal to distance traveled, divided by the time necessary to cover that distance. Measure of speed.

A

velocity

34
Q

what is the formula to find velocity?

A

v = d/t = m/s
velocity = distance / time = meters per second

35
Q

what is the unit of measurement for velocity?

A

meters per second

36
Q

what is the constant velocity of x-rays?

A
  • speed of light
  • 3 x 10 ^ 8 m/s
37
Q

_____ represents the changes in velocity

A

acceleration

38
Q

what is the formula to find acceleration?

A

a = (Vf - Vo) / t = m/s ^ 2
acceleration (final velocity - original velocity) / time

39
Q

what is the unit of measurement for acceleration?

A

meter per second squared

40
Q

_____ is a push, a pull, or other action that changes the motion of an object

A

force

41
Q

what is the formula to find force?

A

F = ma - N
force = mass x acceleration = Newton

42
Q

what is the unit of measurement for Force?

A

Newton

43
Q

_______ is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its velocity

A

momentum

44
Q

what is the formula to find momentum?

A

p = mv = kg-m/s
momentum = mass x velocity = kilogram-meters per second

45
Q

what is the unit of measurement for momentum?

A

kilogram-meters per second

46
Q

______ is an expression of the force applied to an object multiplied by the distance across which it is applied.

A

work

47
Q

what is the formula to find work?

A

Work = Fd = J
work = force x distance = Joule

48
Q

what is the unit of measurement for work?

A

joules

49
Q

_____ is equal to work divided by time during which work is done.

A

power

50
Q

what is the formula to find power?

A

P = work / t = W
power = work / time = watts

51
Q

what is the unit of measurement for power?

A

watts

52
Q

______ is the property of an object with mass that resists a change in its state of motion

A

inertia

53
Q

what is Newton’s first law?

A
  • This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an external force.
  • An object in motion will remain in motion at the same velocity and in the same direction unless acted on by an external force.
54
Q

_______ is simply the ability to do work. It has two states, which are referred to as potential energy and kinetic energy

A

energy

55
Q

_______ energy is energy in a stored state. It has the ability to do work by virtue of state or position.

A

potential

56
Q

________ energy is energy being expended. In other words, it is in the act of doing work.

A

kinetic

57
Q

what are the different forms of energy?

A
  • electromagnetic
  • electrical
  • chemical
  • thermal
58
Q

__________ energy is a form of energy that exists as an electric and magnetic disturbance in space.

A

electromagnetic

59
Q

________ energy is a form that is created by the flow of electricity

A

electrical

60
Q

________ energy is a form that exists through chemical reactions

A

chemical

61
Q

_________ energy is a form of energy that exists because of atomic and molecular motion.

A

thermal

62
Q

what does ram mean?

A

radiation absorbed dose

63
Q

what does rem mean?

A

radiation equivalent man

64
Q

The _______ is a measure of the number of electrons liberated by ionization per kilogram of air.

A

coulomb/kilogram

65
Q

______ is the removal of electrons from atoms.

A

ionization

66
Q

The _______ is used to quantify radiation intensity

A

roentgen

67
Q
A

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