LRA-215 Review

Question 1

___________ is defined as a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population?

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

__________ describes radiation damage that increases the probability of causing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect?

Answer 2

stochastic

Question 3

Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?

Answer 3

Linear; nonthreshold

Question 4

Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is judged to be

Answer 4

linear ; nonthreshold

Question 5

Radiation-induced lung cancer follows which dose-response relationship?

Answer 5

Linear ; nonthreshold

Question 6

Relative risk is _________________.

Answer 6

observed cases / expected cases

Question 7

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the ____________________.

Answer 7

first trimester

Question 8

A __________ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases

Answer 8

stochastic

Question 9

Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a ______________________ dose-response relationship to radiation.

Answer 9

linear; nontreshold

Question 10

The most radiosensitive cells in the hematopoietic system of the human body are the _________________.

Answer 10

lymphocytes

Question 11

Immediately following a whole body dose of high levels of radiation the victim would experience (a) _____________________.

Answer 11

prodromal symptoms

Question 12

The LD50/60 for humans of approximately 3.5 Gy. This refers to the concept that

Answer 12

50% of the population to be killed in 60 days

Question 13

During the latent period, the radiation victim experiences _____________.

Answer 13

no symptoms

Question 14

The minimum dose lethal to humans is 2 Gy to the whole body. This is concept known as

Answer 14

threshold

Question 15

What would be the most likely immediate response to a whole body dose of 2 Gy

Answer 15

diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Question 16

Death from acute radiation exposure follows a __________________ dose-response relationship.

Answer 16

nonlinear; threshold

Question 17

A single chromosome aberration represents _____________ to the DNA within the chromosome.

Answer 17

severe damage

Question 18

The central nervous system syndrome occurs following a whole body dose of 50 Gy or more. The chance for a full recovery is

Answer 18

impossible

Question 19

About half of the population will experience skin erythema following a localized dose of 5 Gy. This is known as

Answer 19

skin erythema deterministic

Question 20

The law of _________________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.

Answer 20

Bergonie and Tribondeau

Question 21

Tissue is _______ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and _________ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions.

Answer 21

most; least

Question 22

_______ is a measure of the capacity of a specific ionizing radiation to produce a specific biological effect, expressed relative to a reference radiation, such as radium, gamma rays or 250 keV X-rays.

Answer 22

relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)

Question 23

The dose of radiation required per generation to double the spontaneous mutation rate is the definition of

Answer 23

doubling dose

Question 24

_____ is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population.

Answer 24

geneticaly significant dose (GSD)

Question 25

The annual effective limit for the fetus of an occupational worker is

Answer 25

0.5 rem (5 mSv)

Question 26

Which is the following is not an early response to radiation?

Answer 26

Breast cancer

Question 27

Which of the following is not an acute local tissue effect of radiation exposure?

Answer 27

cataracts

Question 28

When does the greatest radiation hazard to a fetus exist?

Answer 28

1st trimester

Question 29

What is the annual occupational exposure limit?

Answer 29

50 mSv

Question 30

Order the response stages to Acute Radiation Syndrome in order from 1st symptom to last.

Answer 30

• Prodromal
• Latent
• Manifest
• Recovery or death

Question 31

What is a graphical representation of the relationship between radiation dose and observed dose, in which any dose may have a potential effect, and there is a direct relationship between dose and effect?

Answer 31

Linear dose-response curve