Patient Care Review Questions Flashcards
Ch. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 17
X-rays were discovered in 1895 in:
A. the United States
B. England
C. Germany
D. China
c. Germany
The inventor of the hot cathode x-ray tube was:
A. Crookes
B. Roentgen
C. Coolidge
D. Edison
C. Coolidge
The majority of radiography education programs are based in/on:
A. colleges
B. clinics
C. hospitals
D. the Internet
A. colleges
A cassette containing a photostimulable phosphor plate is one form of:
A. fluoroscope
B. image receptor
C. grid device
D. transformer
B. image receptor
Which of the following is not a basic requirement for the production of x-rays?
A. A vacuum
B. A source of electrons
C. A photostimulable phosphor
D. A target
c. a photostimulable phosphor
When fast-moving electrons collide with the target of an x-ray tube, the kinetic energy of their motion is converted into x-rays and:
A. a space charge
B. heat
C. potential difference (voltage)
D. scatter radiation
b. heat
Of the following types of electromagnetic energy, which has the shortest wavelength?
A. Radio waves
B. Gamma rays
C. Microwaves
D. Ultraviolet light
b. gamma rays
Which of the following is not an accurate statement regarding the characteristics of x-rays?
A. They can penetrate matter that is impenetrable to light.
B. They can be refracted by a lens.
C. They have an exposure effect on photographic emulsions.
D. They cannot be detected by the human senses.
b. they can be refracted by a lens
The characteristic most often used to describe the energy of an x-ray beam is its:
A. velocity
B. space charge
C. wavelength
D. amplitude
c. wavelength
An x-ray beam that has been attenuated by matter is called:
A. remnant radiation
B. primary radiation
C. secondary radiation
D. scatter radiation
a. remnant radiation
A device used to indicate the location of the radiation field and to control its size is called a:
A. grid
B. collimator
C. transformer
D. control console
b. collimator
An x-ray machine that permits viewing of the x-ray image in motion in real time is called a:
A. control console
B. fluoroscope
C. collimator
D. bucky
b. fluoroscope
The four prime factors of radiographic exposure are exposure time, milliamperage, kilovoltage, and:
A. optical density
B. source-image distance
C. object-image distance
D. image detail
b. source-image distance
The prime factor that controls the wavelength of the x-ray beam is:
A. milliamperage
B. exposure time
C. kilovoltage
D. object-image distance
c. kilovoltage
The prime factor that controls the rate at which x-rays are produced is:
A. exposure time
B. kilovoltage
C. milliampere-seconds
D. milliamperage
d. milliamperage
The mAs value of an exposure is varied to provide control of:
A. radiation intensity
B. image contrast
C. image detail
D. radiographic distortion
a. radiation intensity
The imaging system that provides an instantaneous digital image on a monitor is called:
A. digital radiography
B. computed radiography
C. film-screen radiography
D. anatomic programming
a. digital radiography
The hardware and software for managing digital images is called:
A. PACS
B. CR
C. DR
D. AEC
a. PACS
Which of the following factors is not affected by a change in the mA setting?
A. optical density
B. anode heat
C. object-image distance
D. radiation intensity
c. object-image distance
Which of the following factors is used to control image contrast?
A. mA
B. SID
C. OID
D. kVp
d. kvp
The inverse square law states that radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the:
A. mA
B. SID
C. T
D. kVp
b. SID
A variation in the size or shape of the image in comparison to the object it represents is called:
A. distortion
B. image contrast
C. definition
D. optical density
a. distortion
The product of dose in grays times the WR is equal to the equivalent dose, which in the SI system is measured in units called:
A. rem
B. roentgens
C. rad
D. sieverts
d. sieverts
One centigray (cGy) is equal to:
A. 100 rad
B. 100 Sv
C. 1 rad
D. 1 R
c. 1 rad
The law of Bergonié and Tribondeau states that the sensitivity of cells to radiation injury depends on four principal factors. These factors are cell age, cell complexity, the rate of replication, and:
A. the rate of energy use by the cell
B. the cell’s location within the body
C. the rate at which the dose is delivered
D. the weight of the individual
a. the rate of energy use by the cell
Short-term, predictable radiation effects typically occur as a result of:
A. high doses of radiation exposure, such as those received in radiation therapy
B. low doses of radiation, such as those received in diagnostic imaging
C. occupational radiation exposure
D. low-dose exposure during pregnancy
a. high dose of radiation exposure, such as those received in radiation therapy
The term radiation sickness refers to:
A. occupational radiation effects
B. congenital illness owing to genetic effects
C. short-term gastrointestinal effects
D. any stochastic effect
c. short-term gastrointestinal effects
The effective dose-equivalent limit for whole-body occupational radiation exposure to nonpregnant radiation workers older than 18 years is:
A. 1.25 Gy per year
B. 5.0 Gy per year
C. 5.0 mSv per year
D. 50 mSv per year
d. 50 mSv per year
Long-term radiation effects that are apparently random, and have no threshold amount of exposure that must be received for them to occur, are termed:
A. somatic
B. genetic
C. occupational
D. stochastic
d. stochastic
Genes that are expressed in the individual are said to be:
A. mutated
B. dominant
C. random
D. recessive
b. dominant
Which of the following is a type of personal radiation dosimeter?
A. SID
B. kVp
C. OSL
D. OID
c. OSL
When a pregnant patient requires abdominal or pelvic radiography, the decision to do a limited study and the determination of the exact limitations to be imposed are the prerogatives of the:
A. patient’s physician
B. radiologist
C. patient
D. radiographer
b. radiologist
A moral agent is one who:
A. behaves correctly
B. is responsible for implementing an ethical decision
C. judges the morality of others
D. analyzes ethical dilemmas
b. is responsible for implementing an ethical decision
“A response in which understanding and compassion are accompanied by an objective detachment that enables you to act appropriately.” This phrase describes the characteristic of:
A. aggressiveness
B. assertiveness
C. empathy
D. sympathy
c. empathy
Which of the following is not a component of ethical analysis?
A. Identifying the problem
B. Determining who is at fault
C. Developing alternative solutions
D. Defending your selection
b. determining who is at fault
The neglect or omission of reasonable care or caution in the context of a professional relationship is termed:
A. malfeasance
B. malpractice
C. misdemeanor
D. malapropism
b. malpractice
Which of the following statements about diagnostic images is true?
A. They do not need to be kept confidential because they do not contain written information.
B. They belong to the patient when they have been paid for by the patient or his or her insurance company.
C. They are part of the legal medical record.
D. They may be discarded or deleted as soon as the report has been sent to the patient’s physician.
c. they are part of the legal medical record
Arm and leg restraints applied without either the patient’s permission or a physician’s order could result in charges of:
A. false imprisonment
B. negligence
C. invasion of privacy
D. battery
a. false imprisonment
Standards of correct behavior for professional groups are called:
A. morals
B. codes of ethics
C. torts
D. regulations
b. code of ethics
A patient has the right to revoke consent with regard to a risky procedure:
A. before the procedure begins
B. during the procedure
C. after the procedure ends
D. both A and B
d. both a and b
Health care providers may disclose a patient’s protected health information without the patient’s consent to:
A. another physician providing care to the patient
B. the patient’s employer
C. the patient’s family
D. the news media
a. another physician providing care to the patient
In which of the following states is there a law protecting a patient’s right to die with dignity?
A. Texas
B. Alaska
C. Oregon
D. Wyoming
c. oregon
Which of the following terms best describes assertive behavior?
A. Forceful
B. Persuasive
C. Firm
D. Argumentative
c. firm
When instructions are given to a non–English-speaking patient, it is best to:
A. speak English slowly and firmly
B. use a sympathetic family member who speaks English
C. draw detailed pictures
D. use a trained interpreter
d. use a trained interpreter
Deaf patients and hearing impaired patients differ in that the deaf patients:
A. will not respond to sounds outside their field of vision
B. may use ASL as their primary means of communication
C. often move socially within a deaf community
D. all of the above
d. all of the above