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:] > Chapter 1 and 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Personnel monitoring devices include all of the following except the ____ dosimeter.

A

scientillation

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2
Q

Which instrument detects the presence of radiation rather than measuring it?

A

Geiger Muller

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3
Q

Diagnostic radiology personnel may receive an annual dose limit of:

A

5 rem

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4
Q

Dose limits are based on a ________________ dose-response relationship to radiation.

A

linear; nonthreshold

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5
Q

The dose limit for the general public is _______ the dose limit for occupational exposure

A

1/10

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6
Q

What factors can decrease the dose to the limited operator?

A
  • time
  • distance
  • shielding
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7
Q

The unit of the SI system used to measure the equivalent dose is the:

A

Sievert

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8
Q

The SI unit for measuring absorbed dose is the

A

Gray

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8
Q

What does ALARA stand for? Why is this concept the guiding principal to the field of radiology?

A
  • As low as reasonable achievable
  • this concept emphasizes the protection against radiation. To minimize the ionizing radiation exposure as much as possible to avoid occupational or patient dose.
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8
Q

The unit commonly used to report the effective dose to occupational workers in the United States is

A

mSv (millisievert)

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8
Q

What are the units of measurement for Exposure, Absorbed Dose and Equivalent/ Effective Dose? List both the conventional and SI units for each.

A
  • Exposure =Roentgen (R) / 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg
  • Absorbed Dose = Rad (rad) / 0.01 Gy
  • Equivalent/ Effective Dose = Rem (rem) / 0.01 Sv
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9
Q

What are the types of dosimeters? Which is the most common and why?

A

Personell Dosimeters
- Film Badges
- TLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeter)
- OSL (optically stimulated luminescence)
- pocket dosimeters

  • most common would-be film badges
  • they’re inexpensive
  • simple to use
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10
Q

Where should dosimeter badges be worn? Where should fetal dosimeter badges be worn?

A
  • dosimeters should be worn at the collar level
  • fetal dosimeters must be worn at the abdominal area
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11
Q

What is declaration of pregnancy? How is it executed?

A
  • declaration of pregnancy is when the worker voluntarily reveals her pregnancy to the employer.
  • The RSO (radiation safety officer) will then council with her to follow proper radiation protection
  • can be limited to exams
  • cannot be expelled from work
  • minimizing the radiation exposure as much as possible
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12
Q

What is the effective annual dose limit for radiology personnel?

A

5 rem*

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13
Q

Which dose-response relationship are dose limits and radiation protection based upon?

A

dose limits are based on linear nonthreshold relationships

14
Q

Which governing body is responsible for establishing dose limits and protection guidelines?

A

nuclear regulatory commission (NRC)

15
Q

What is a dosimetry report? Who is responsible for monitoring it?

A
  • dosimetry report is film badges, TLD, OSL, and pocket dosimeters being collected every month
  • The RSO (radiation safety officer) monitors the reports to retrieve and distribute to employees
16
Q

What is the difference between a personnel monitor and a field-survey instrument?

A
  • personnel monitors measure the radiation a worker is being exposed to
  • field survey are devices used to detect and measure the radiation in an area
17
Q

What are the guiding principals of reducing the possibility of radiation exposure?

A

Cardinal principles
- time
- distance
- shielding

18
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Whole-Body? Include both convention and SI units

A

5rem (50mSv)

19
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Lens of Eyes? Include both convention and SI units

A

15 rem (150mSv)

20
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Skin/Extremities? Include both convention and SI units

A

50rem (500mSv)

21
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Whole-Body Cumulative? Include both convention and SI units

A

Age x 1rem (Age x 10 mSv)

22
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Fetus? Include both convention and SI units

A

10 month/280 days = 0.5rem(5mSv)
one month/28 days = 0.05rem (0.5mSv)

23
Q

What are the dose limits for occupation exposure for Public Exposure? Include both convention and SI units

A

infrequent exposure = 0.5 rem (5 mSv)
frequent exposure = 0.1 (1 mSv)

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