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:] > MAS-210 Chapter 37 Vital Signs and Measurements > Flashcards

MAS-210 Chapter 37 Vital Signs and Measurements Flashcards

1
Q

having a body temperature within one’s normal range

A

afebrile

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2
Q

the absence of resiration

A

apnea

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3
Q

blood pressure as measured by listening with a stethoscope

A

auscultated blood pressure

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4
Q

a reliable indicator of healthy weight that is calculated based on height and weight

A

body mass index (BMI)

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5
Q

a slow heart rate; usually less than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

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6
Q

to determine the caliber of; to standardize a measuring instrument

A

calibrate

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7
Q

difficult or painful breathing

A

dyspnea

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8
Q

what does the suffix dys- mean

A
  • difficult
  • painful
  • bad
  • abnormal
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9
Q

what does the suffix pneo mean

A

breathing

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10
Q

having a body temperature above one’s normal range

A

febrile

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11
Q

a balanced, stable state within the body

A

homeostasis

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12
Q

abnormally deep, rapid breathing

A

hyperpnea

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13
Q

an exceptionally high fever over 106 degrees Fahrenheit (

A

hyperpyrexia

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14
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

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15
Q

the condition of breathing rapidly and deeply. Hyperventilating decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

hyperventilation

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16
Q

low blood pressure

A

hypotension

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17
Q

subnormal oxygenated of arterial blood, short of anoxia

A

hypoxemia

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18
Q

a situation in which blood pressure becomes low and the pulse increases when a patient is moved from a lying to standing position; also known as postural hypotension

A

orthostatic hypotension

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19
Q

measuring of the oxygen saturation of blood using spectrophotometry

A

oximetry

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20
Q

Systolic blood pressure measured by using the sense of touch. This measurement provides a necessary preliminary approximation of the systolic blood pressure to ensure an adequate level of inflation when the actual auscultatory measurement is made.

A

palpatory method

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21
Q

When the pulse rate increases more than 10 beats per minute (bpm) and the blood pressure drops more than 20 points while taking vital signs in the lying, sitting, and standing positions.

A

positive tilt test

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22
Q

A situation in which blood pressure becomes low and the pulse increases when a patient is moved from a lying to a standing position; also known as orthostatic hypotension.

A

postural hypotension

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23
Q

a fever over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit

A

pyrexia

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24
Q

noisy respirations usually due to blockage of the bronchial tubes

A

rales

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25
Q

Deep snoring or rattling sounds during breathing; associated with asthma, acute bronchitis, or any condition involving partial obstruction of the lung’s airway.

A

rhonchi

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26
Q

a condition characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep

A

sleep apnea

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27
Q

An instrument for measuring blood pressure; consists of an inflatable cuff, a pressure bulb used to inflate the cuff, and a device to read the pressure.

A

sphygmomanometer

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28
Q

an instrument that amplifies body sounds

A

stethoscope

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29
Q

rapid heart rate; generally in excess of 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

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30
Q

abnormally rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

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31
Q

An instrument, either electronic or disposable, that is used to measure body temperature.

A

thermometer

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32
Q

are vital signs taken before or after the doctor examines the patient?

A

before

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33
Q

vital signs include-

A
  • temperature
  • pulse
  • respiration
  • blood pressure
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34
Q

_____ is frequently evaluated during the patient interview and recorded along with the vital signs

A

pain level

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35
Q

is the balance between heat produced by metabolic processes and heat loss from the body

A

body temperature

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36
Q

what are the factors of body temperature?

A
  • time of the day
  • age
  • sex
  • physical exercise
  • emotion
  • ovulation
  • pregnancy
  • drugs
  • food
  • environmental changes
  • metabolism
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37
Q

is usually a sign of inflammation or infection

A

fever

38
Q

what are the 5 locations you can take temperatures?

A
  • mouth (oral)
  • ear (tympanic)
  • armpit/axilla (axillary)
  • temporal artery (temporal)
  • rectum (rectal)
39
Q

true or false: temperature can only be measured in Fahrenheit

A

false. can be measured in Fahrenheit and Celsius

40
Q

what are the different types of electronic thermometers?

A
  • digital thermometer
  • tympanic thermometer
  • temporal scanner
41
Q

where are electronic digital thermometers commonly used?

A

medical offices

42
Q

what are the advantages of an electronic digital thermometer?

A
  • accurate
  • fast
  • easy to read
  • comfortable for the patient
43
Q

what does the tympanic thermometer measure?

A

measures infrared energy emitted from the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

44
Q

what does the temporal scanner measure?

A

measures infrared heat of the temporal artery and the ambient temperature

45
Q

true or false: disposable thermometers can be used multiple times

A

false. they are single use

46
Q

what parts of the body is the disposable thermometer used for?

A

oral, axillary, or skin measurements

47
Q

is the disposable thermometer accurate?

A

no

48
Q

what places/environments are disposable thermometers used in?

A

useful for patients in their home, or used for screening

49
Q

all temperature measurements should be recorded to the nearest ____ of a degree

A

one-tenth

50
Q

where would you place the thermometer during an oral examination?

A

under the tongue in either pocket just off centered in the lower jaw

51
Q

wait at least ____ minutes after a patient had been eating, chewing gum, drinking, or smoking before taking an oral temperature

A

15 minutes

52
Q

how would you know a tympanic thermometer is ready for use?

A

after removing it from the cradle and waiting for an indicator light to show that it is ready for use

53
Q

the tympanic membrane should not be used right after –

A

swimming or bathing

54
Q

what is the most accurate measurement of the body?

A

rectal temperatures

55
Q

what is the preferred position when taking a rectal temp. examination?

A

Sim’s position

56
Q

where should the axillary thermometer be placed?

A

the tip of the thermometer should be in the middle of the axilla, with the shaft of the thermometer facing forward

57
Q

how do you take a temporal scanner?

A

gently stroke the thermometer across the forehead, crossing over the temporal artery (left side of the forehead at the temple)

58
Q

____ is measured as the number of times the heart beats in 1 minute

A

pulse

59
Q

_____ is the number of times a patient breathes in 1 minute

A

respiration

60
Q

one breath/respiration equals-

A

one inhalation and exhalation

61
Q

is pulse/respiration rate higher on females or males?

A

females

62
Q

what two body systems are related to pulse and respiration?

A

circulatory and respiratory system

63
Q

a pulse rate rives information about the patient’s -

A

cardiovascular system

64
Q

what is the average adult pulse rate?

A

60-100 BPM

65
Q

where is the pulse rate measured in adults?

A

radial artery

66
Q

if you count the pulse for 30 seconds, you multiple by ___ to get your BPM

A

2

67
Q

if you count for 15 seconds, you multiply by ___ to get your BPM

A

4

68
Q

where can the pulse be measured for and infant/child?

A

brachial artery

69
Q

if the beats are irregular, how long do you measure the beats?

A

1 minute

70
Q

what is the alternative if the brachial artery cannot be felt?

A

the apex of the heart

71
Q

where is the apex of the heart located?

A

in the 5th intercostal space

72
Q

what are the different types of major arteries to feel for a pulse?

A
  • temporal artery
  • carotid artery
  • brachial artery
  • radial artery
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • posterior tibial artery
  • dorsalis pedis artery
73
Q

where can a pulse oximetry be placed?

A
  • finger
  • earlobe
  • toe
  • dorsum
  • plantar surfaces of the foot
  • bridge of the nose
74
Q

when should a nose pulse oximetry be used?

A

only with patients who have good peripheral circulation

75
Q

what is the normal range in a pulse oximetry?

A

95-100%

76
Q

____ indicates how well the patient’s body is providing oxygen to tissues

A

respiration

77
Q

how are respirations counted?

A
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • effort (quality)
78
Q

if breathing is irregular, how long should you measure respiration?

A

1 minute

79
Q

____ respirations are charcterized by periods of increasing and decreasing depth of respiration between periods of apnea

A

cheyne-strokes

80
Q

what type of patients could show signs of Cheyne-strokes?

A
  • strokes
  • head injuries
  • brain tumors
  • congestive heart failure
81
Q

_____ is the force at which blood is pumped against the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

82
Q

what is another name for blood pressure

A

arterial blood pressure

83
Q

what is the unit of measurement for blood pressure?

A
  • millimeters of mercury
  • mmHg
84
Q

the pressure measured when the left ventricle of the heart contracts is known as the _____ pressure

A

systolic

85
Q

the pressure measured when the heart relaxes is known as the _____ pressure

A

diastolic

86
Q

the ____ pressure indicates the minimum amount of pressure exerted against the vessel walls at all times

A

diastolic

87
Q

what is the average adult blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

88
Q

what diseases does hypertension cause?

A

heart diseases and strokes

89
Q

hypertension crisis/malignant hypertension is blood pressure high enough to cause-

A
  • renal/heart failure
  • papilledema
  • vital organ damage
90
Q
A

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