Chapter 4 Extra Flashcards
1
Q
define syndrome
A
- is used to show the relationship of the signs and symptoms to a specific type of trauma or disease process.
2
Q
What radiation exposures must happen I order for total body radiation syndrome to be applicable?
A
- an organ must be exposed acutely (in seconds or minutes)
- there must be exposure of the total body area
- external penetrating sources, for example, X-rays, gamma-rays, and neutrons, produce the radiation syndromes.
3
Q
define total body radiation syndrome
A
- the response of an organism to whole body radiation results in specific findings
4
Q
what are consequences of acute radiation exposure?
A
- short-ending life span
- dose dependent
- can be very fatal
5
Q
define LD 50/30
A
- lethal dose to kill 50% of a population in 30 days
6
Q
define LD 50/60
A
- lethal dose to kill 50% of a population in 60 days
7
Q
what happens when dose increase?
A
- survival time and number of survivors decrease
8
Q
what are the 3 different types of Acute Radiation Syndrome?
A
- Bone Marrow
- Gastrointestinal (GI)
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
9
Q
define bone marrow syndrome
A
- hemopoietic (development of blood cells)
damage - occurs within 100-1,000 R range
- death occurs between 6-8 weeks
- no one survives 1,000 R
- destruction of bone marrow -> decline production of RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets
- death results from anemia and infection
^ body becomes very vulnerable from lack of protection
10
Q
define gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome
A
- damage in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine
- occurs with 600-10,00 R range
- not dose-dependent
- death happens at the same time regardless of dose
- death occurs 3-10 days w/o help, 2 weeks w/ help
- damage to villi cells creates a decline of absorption in the GI tract
- dehydration
- systemic infections
- decline of WBC’s
Death:
- infection
- dehydration
- electrolyte balance
11
Q
define the Central Nervous System (CNS) syndrome
A
- occurs in doses greater than 10.000 R
- death is within hours
- damage to blood vessels
- edema (swelling)
- vasculitis (inflammation of blood cells)
- meningitis (inflammation of spinal cord and brain membranes)
- person does not live long enough to show symptoms
12
Q
what are the 4 different types of response stages?
A
- Prodromal
- Latent
- Manifest
- Death or Recovery
13
Q
define prodromal stage
A
- NVD (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea)
- occurs with low doses of 50 rads
- lasts a few minutes to days
- dose dependent (the higher the dose, the shorter the stage)
14
Q
define dose dependent
A
- the higher the dose, the lower the stage
15
Q
define the latent stage
A
- asymptomatic
- changes that can lead to recovery or death
- dose dependent
- weeks below 500 R -> hours/less than 10,00 R