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:] > LRA-225 Final Review > Flashcards

LRA-225 Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

how many cranial bones are in the skull?

A

8

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2
Q

how many facial bones are in the skull?

A

14

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3
Q

what are the 8 cranial bones?

A
  • frontal
  • right parietal
  • left parietal
  • occipital
  • right temporal
  • left temporal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid -
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4
Q

what cranial bones make up calvarium or skullcap of the skull?

A
  • frontal
  • right parietal
  • left parietal
  • occipital
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5
Q

what cranial bones make up the floor of the skull?

A
  • right temporal
  • left temporal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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6
Q

define glabella

A

smooth, raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose

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7
Q

define the SOG

A
  • supraorbital groove
  • the slight depression above each eyebrow
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8
Q

define SOM

A
  • supraorbital margin
  • superior rim of each orbit
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9
Q

define supraorbital notch

A
  • foramen
  • a small hole or opening within the SOM slightly medial to its midpoint
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10
Q

define the frontal tuberosity

A

large, rounded prominence in the frontal bone

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11
Q

what separates each orbital plate in the frontal bone?

A

ethmoid notch

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12
Q

what cranial bones does the frontal bone articulate with?

A
  • right parietal
  • left parietal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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13
Q

what forms the lateral walls of the cranium and part of the roof?

A

parietal bones

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14
Q

what is the widest portion of the skull?

A

parietal tubercles/eminence

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15
Q

what cranial bones does the parietal bone articulate with?

A
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • temporal
  • sphenoid
  • opposite parietal bone
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16
Q

what is the name of the bump or protuberance at the inferoposterior portion of the skull?

A
  • External occipital protuberance
  • inion
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17
Q

what is the large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes as it leaves the brain?

A

foramen magnum

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18
Q

what is the meaning of foramen magnum?

A

great hole

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19
Q

what articulates with the depression of the first cervical vertebrae/atlas?

A

condylar portions/occipital condyles

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20
Q

what is the name of the joint that articulates the condylar portions/occipital condyles with C1 atlas?

A

atlantooccipital joints

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21
Q

what cranial bones does the occipital bone articulate with?

A
  • 2 parietals
  • 2 temporals
  • sphenoid
  • atlas/C1
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22
Q

what cranial bone houses the delicate organs of hearing and balance?

A

temporal bone

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23
Q

what is the name of the arch on the temporal bone that creates the cheek?

A

zygomatic process

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24
Q

what is created when the zygomatic process and the temporal process meet?

A

zygomatic arch

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25
Q

what are the three portions of the temporal bone?

A
  • squamous portion
  • mastoid portion
  • petrous portion
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26
Q

what is the thickest and most dense portion of the skull (located in the temporal bone)?

A

petrous portion/pyramid shaped

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27
Q

what is the function of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

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28
Q

what cranial bones does the temporal bone articulate with?

A
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • sphenoid
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29
Q

where is the sella turcica located?

A

sphenoid bone

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30
Q

where is the pituitary gland housed?

A

sphenoid bone

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31
Q

what are the 3 foramen that are located in the sphenoid bone?

A
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
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32
Q

what is the function of the superior orbital fissure?

A

provide additional communication with the orbits for numerous cranial nerves and blood vessels

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33
Q

what cranial bones does the sphenod articulate with?

A
  • frontal
  • 2 temporals
  • 2 parietals
  • ethmoid
  • occipital
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34
Q

the cribriform plate is part of which cranial bone?

A

ethmoid

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35
Q

what is the upper horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone?

A

cribriform plate

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36
Q

what cranial bones does the ethmoid bone articulate with?

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
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37
Q

what forms the bony nasal septum?

A
  • ethmoid and vomer
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38
Q

what are the names of the articulations/joints of the cranium?

A

sutures

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39
Q

what is the classification of sutures?

A

fibrous joints/synarthrodial

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40
Q

what suture separates the two parietal bones in the midline?

A

sagittal suture

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40
Q

what suture separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones?

A

coronal suture

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41
Q

what suture separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone?

A

lambdoidal suture

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42
Q

what suture separates the two parietal bones with the two temporal bones?

A

squamous suture

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43
Q

list the points/asterions of the cranium?

A
  • bregma
  • 2 pterions
  • 2 asterions
  • lambda
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44
Q

define fontanels

A

regions where sutures join and are slower in their ossification

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45
Q

how many fontanels does a child have?

A

6

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46
Q

what is another name for the bregma and lambda before they form into asterions?

A
  • soft spots
  • anterior (bregma) and posterior (lambda) fontanels
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47
Q

which fontanel is the largest?

A

anterior fontanel

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48
Q

the anterior fontanel becomes the

A

bregma

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49
Q

the posterior fontanel becomes the

A

lambda

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50
Q

the right sphenoid fontanel becomes the

A

right pterion

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51
Q

the left sphenoid fontanel becomes the

A

left pterion

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52
Q

the right mastoid fontanel becomes the

A

right asterion

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53
Q

the left mastoid fontanel becomes the

A

left asterion

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54
Q

define sutural/wormian bones

A

certain small/irregular bones

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55
Q

where are sutural wormian bones found?

A

lambdoidal suture

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56
Q

what are the three divisions of the ear?

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
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57
Q

what are the structures of the external ear?

A
  • auricle/pinna
  • tragus
  • EAM
  • mastoid process/tip
  • styloid process
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58
Q

what structure of the ear covers the opening of the EAM?

A

tragus

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59
Q

define the middle ear?

A

irregular shaped/air containing cavity

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60
Q

what are the structures of the middle ear?

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • auditory ossicles
  • tympanic cavity
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61
Q

what structure does the tympanic cavity communicate with?

A

eustachian tube/auditory tube

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62
Q

define eustachian tube

A

passageway between the middle ear and the nasopharynx

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63
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

equalize the pressure within the middle ear to the outside atmospheric air pressure

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64
Q

the mastoid air cells communicate with the-

A

middle ear

65
Q

what structure of the ear is the opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone?

A

aditus

66
Q

what is the name of a thin plate of bone that forms the roof of the antrum, aditus, and attic area of the tympanic cavity?

A

tegmen tympani

67
Q

define auditory ossicles

A

three small bones that are prominent in the middle ear

68
Q

what are the 3 structures in the auditory ossicles?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
69
Q

what is the smallest bone out of the three auditory ossicles?

A

stapes

70
Q

what portion of the ear contains the essential sensory apparatus of both hearing and equilibrium?

A

internal ear

71
Q

what are the different parts of the osseous/bony labyrinth

A
  • cochlea
  • vestibule
  • semicircular canals
72
Q

what are the 2 windows of the internal ear?

A
  • oval/vestibule window
  • round/cochlear window
73
Q

how many facial bones are in the skull?

A

14

74
Q

what 2 facial bones are unpaired

A
  • vomer and mandible
75
Q

what are the facial bones?

A
  • maxillae
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • nasal bone
  • inferior nasal concha
  • palatine
  • vomer
  • mandible
76
Q

how many maxillae bones are in the facial bones?

A

2

77
Q

how many zygomatic bones are in the facial bones?

A

2

78
Q

how many lacrimal bones are in the facial bones?

A

2

79
Q

how many nasal bones are in the facial bones?

A

2

80
Q

how many inferior nasal concha are in the facial bones?

A

2

81
Q

how many palatine bones are in the facial bones?

A

2

82
Q

how many vomer are in the facial bone?

A

1

83
Q

how many mandible are in the facial bones?

A

1

84
Q

what is the largest immovable bone of the face?

A

maxillae

85
Q

what is the largest movable bone in the face?

A

mandible

86
Q

what cavity structures does the maxillae form?

A
  • mouth
  • nasal
  • orbit
87
Q

what are the 4 processes of the maxillae?

A
  • frontal process
  • zygomatic process
  • alveolar process
  • palatine process
88
Q

what other structure, other than the processes, is part of the maxilla?

A

body

89
Q

the upper and lower teeth are both engraved(??) into the-

A

alveolar process

90
Q

define the acanthion

A

landmark where the nose and upper lip meet

91
Q

what is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth?

A

hard/bony palate

92
Q

what facial bone forms the horizontal portion of the hard palate?

A

palatine bones

93
Q

what shape are the palatine bones?

A

L shaped

94
Q

what bones does the maxillae articulate with?

A

Cranial bones:
- frontal
- ethmoid

Facial bones:
- zygoma
- lacrimal
- nasal
- palatine
- inferior nasal concha
- vomer
- adjacent maxilla

95
Q

what facial bone makes up the prominence of the cheeks and make up the lower outer portion of the orbits?

A

zygoma

96
Q

what bones does the zygoma articulate with?

A

Cranial bones:
- frontal
- sphenoid
- temporal

Facial bones:
- maxilla

97
Q

which facial bones are the tinniest and most fragile?

A

lacrimal and nasal bones

98
Q

what is the meaning of “lacrimal”?

A

tear

99
Q

what bones articulate with the lacrimal bone?

A

cranial bones:
- frontal
- ethmoid

facial bones:
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha

100
Q

what is the name of the landmark where 2 nasal bones meet?

A

nasion

101
Q

what bones does the nasal bone articulate with?

A

Cranial bones:
- frontal
- ethmoid

Facial bone:
- maxilla
- adjacent nasal bone

102
Q

what is another name for inferior nasal concha?

A

turbinates

103
Q

what are the different structures of the nasal concha?

A
  • inferior
  • middle
  • superior
104
Q

what is the function of the nasal concha?

A
  • divide the nasal cavity into different compartments
  • break up/mix the flow of air coming into the nasal cavity before it reaches the lungs
105
Q

what bones does the inferior nasal concha articulate with?

A

cranial bones:
- ethmoid

facial bones:
- maxilla
- lacrimal
- palatine

106
Q

what bones does the palatine bone articulate with?

A

cranial bones:
- sphenoid
- ethmoid

facial bones:
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha
- vomer
- adjacent palatine

107
Q

what bones form the bony nasal septum?

A

ethmoid and vomer

108
Q

what is another name for nasal septum?

A

septal cartilage

109
Q

what is the meaning of vomer?

A

plowshare

110
Q

what bones does the vomer articulate with?q

A

cranial bones:
- sphenoid
- ethmoid

facial bones:
- right palatine
- left palatine
- right maxillae
- left maxillae

111
Q

what other structure does the vomer articulate with?

A

septal cartilage

112
Q

what is the largest facial bone?

A

mandible

113
Q

what part of the mandible is anterior to the gonion?

A

body

114
Q

what part of the mandible is superior to the gonion?

A

ramus

115
Q

what is the name where the 2 halves of the mandible meet?

A

symphysis/symphysis menti

116
Q

what is the knoblike protuberance that projects forward in the mandible?

A

mental protuberance

117
Q

what is the term of the center of the mental protuberance?

A

mental point

118
Q

what is located on each half of the body of the mandible?

A

mental foramen

119
Q

what is the name of the u-shaped notch on the superior portion of the ramus?

A

mandibular notch

120
Q

what is the name of the end that lies anterior to the mandibular notch?

A

coronoid process

121
Q

what is the name of the end that lies posterior to the mandibular notch?

A

condyloid process

122
Q

what 2 structures are part of the condyloid process?

A
  • head
  • neck
123
Q

what is the only movable joint in the skull?

A

TMJ - tempormandibular joint

124
Q

what is the joint type of the TMJ?

A

synovial - diarthrodial - bicondylar/plane/gliding

125
Q

when opening the mouth, what structure of the mandible moves?

A

the condyloid process moves forward

126
Q

when closing the mouth, what structure of the mandible moves?

A

the condyloid process does not move. closed mouth is its resting “phase”

127
Q

what is the joint type for the alveoli and roots of teeth?

A

fibrous - gomphosis

128
Q

define paranasal sinus

A
  • large air filled cavities
  • also known as accessory nasal sinus
129
Q

list the paranasal sinuses

A
  • maxillary
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
130
Q

how many paranasal sinuses does the maxillary have?

A

2h

131
Q

how many paranasal sinuses does the frontal have?

A

2

132
Q

how many paranasal sinuses does the ethmoid have?

A

several

133
Q

how many paranasal sinuses does the sphenoid have?

A

1 or 2

134
Q

which paranasal sinus is only part of the facial bone structure?

A

maxillayr sinuses

135
Q

what is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • vocal resonance
  • lighten the weight of the skull
  • produce mucous
136
Q

which paranasal sinus is present at birth?

A

maxillary sinuses

137
Q

which paranasal sinus is developed at the age of 6 or 7

A

frontal and sphenoid sinuses

138
Q

which paranasal sinus is developed last?

A

ethmoid

139
Q

what is another term for maxillary sinuses?

A

antrum/antrum of highmore

140
Q

what is the shape of the maxillary sinuses?

A

frontal: pyramid shaped
lateral: cubic shaped

141
Q

who does the paranasal sinuses communicate with?

A
  • each other
  • nasal cavity
142
Q

why is it preferred to position a patient erect when doing a paranasal routine?

A

mucus or fluid trapped within the sinus tends to remain there and layer out, forming an air fluid

143
Q

where are the frontal sinuses located?

A

between the inner and outer tables of the skull, posterior to the glabella

144
Q

are the frontal sinuses larger in men or women?

A

men

145
Q

where are the ethmoid sinuses located?

A

within the lateral masses or labyrinths of the ethmoid bone

146
Q

how does the ethmoid sinuses appear in a lateral view?

A

they fill in the orbits

147
Q

where are the sphenoid sinuses located?

A

in the body of the sphenoid bone directly below the sella turcica

148
Q

what is the name of the drainage pathway of the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinus?

A

osteomeatal complex

149
Q

what is the shape of the orbit?

A

cone shaped

150
Q

what is the name of the rim, or outer circular portion of the cone?

A

base

151
Q

how many bones male up the orbit?

A

3 cranial bones
4 facial bones

152
Q

what is the name of the posterior portion of the orbit?

A

apex

153
Q

what 3 cranial bones make up the orbit?

A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
154
Q

what 4 facial bones make up the orbit?

A
  • maxilla
  • zygoma
  • lacrimal
  • palatine
155
Q

what cranial nerve does the optic foramen allow to pass through?

A

CN II

156
Q

what cranial nerve does the superior orbital fissure allow to pass through?

A

CN III-CN VI

157
Q

what cranial nerve does the inferior orbital fissure allow to pass through?

A

CN V

158
Q

what is the name of the small root of bone that separates the superior orbital fissure from the optic canal

A

sphenoid strut

159
Q

what type of fracture damages the zygomatic bone?

A

tripod fracture

160
Q

which type of fracture hits one side of the face, and the other side of the face breaks?

A

contrecoup fracture

161
Q

what type of fracture deals with the fracture of the floor of the orbit by a direct blow to the eyes?

A

blowout fracture

:] (98 decks)

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