Chapter 1 Radiographic Positioning and Anatomy Flashcards
Define Anatomy
the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human body
Define Physiology
the processes and functions of the body. How the body parts work
What is the structural organization from smallest to largest?
- Chemical level
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ System
- Organism
What is the smallest structural organization?
Chemical Level
Define Cells
The basic structure and functional unity of all living things
Define tissues
A group of similar cells that together perform a specific function.
What are the four types of tissues?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
Define epithelial tissue
a tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of the body such as lining of the organs/ vessels, stomach or intestines
Define connective tissue
tissues that bind together and support different structures such as joints
Define Muscular tissue
tissues that make up muscles
Define Nervous tissue
tissues that make up the nerves of the nervous system and nerve centers
Define organs
a complex assembly of tissues that perform special functions.
What are some examples of organs?
- Kidneys
- Heart
- Liver
- Brain
- Intestines
- Bladder
- Stomach
Define System
- a group of organs that work together to perform a job or a task in the body.
- consists of 10 body systems
Define organism
the 10 body structures that work together in one living being
Name the 10 body systems
- integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- endocrine
- nervous
- urinary
- respiratory
- circulatory
- reproductive (male and female)
- lymphatic
Define the skeletal system
- plays a role in the body with bones
- the most important for radiographers
how many bones does the human body have?
206 bones
define Osteology
the study of bones
define arthrology
the study of joints
what are the functions of the Skeletal System?
- support and protect soft tissues of the body
- allow movement through interaction with joints and muscles
- to produce blood cells
- to store calcium
Define the Circulatory System
consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
what does the circulatory system consist of?
cardiovascular organs and the lymphatic system
Define the lymphatic system
a system that keeps fluid circulating
what are the organs of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen
true or false: the cardiovascular system includes the lymphatic system
True
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
- distribute O2 and nutrients to the cell
- carry off wastes and carbon dioxide
- transport water, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes
- protect against disease
- form blood clots
- help regulate body temperature
Define the digestive system
includes the alimentary canal and certain accessory organs
define alimentary canal
made up on the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What’s the function of the digestive system?
- to prepare food for digestion
- to eliminate waste
Define the respiratory system
composed of lungs and passages that connect the lungs to the outside atmosphere
What are the passages of the respiratory structure?
- nose
- mouth
- larynx
- pharynx
- trachea
- bronchial tree
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
- supply O2 to the cells via the blood
- eliminate CO2 from the blood
- Help regulate the acid-base balance of the blood
Define the urinary system
includes organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine
What are the organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra