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:] > Patient Care Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Patient Care Ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some expressions of anxiety?

A
  • anger
  • inappropriate speech
  • constant talking
  • quiet
  • fidgeting
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2
Q

what causes anxiety in patients?

A
  • fear of possible diagnosis
  • concerns of effects of illness
  • physical discomfort
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3
Q

how can you calm down patients who are anxious?

A
  • provide ample covers
  • explanation of the procedure
  • matter of fact attitude
  • clear and constant communication
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4
Q

which patients are affected when lying flat on the table?

A
  • thin patients
  • elderly patients (w/ kyphosis)
  • obese patients
  • cardiac/respiratory impaired patients
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5
Q

where should dentures be placed if needed to be removed?

A

should be placed in a safe location in a suitable disposable container

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6
Q

where should glasses or hearing aids be placed when removed?

A
  • choose a safe location in view of the patient
  • use the same place consistently
  • point out the location to the patient
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7
Q

what needs to be done when a patient requests water?

A
  • first check the chart and note whether oral fluids are permitted
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8
Q

what does NPO mean?

A

nothing by mouth

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9
Q

if the patient is charted NPO, they are able to consume:
- food
- liquid
- water chips
- sips of water
- none of the above

A

none of the above

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10
Q

define incontinence

A

involuntary control of the urinary bladder

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11
Q

who may experience incontinence?

A

elderly or debilitated patients

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12
Q

what happens when a urine specimen is needed?

A
  • provide the proper container
  • cleaning supplies
  • instructions for obtaining a clean catch mistream specimen
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13
Q

when a patient needs to defecate or urinate but is unable to walk or is in a wheelchair, what alternatives need to be made?

A

a bedpan or urinal is needed

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14
Q

what are the two types of bedpans?

A
  • fracture pan
  • regular pan
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15
Q

define fracture pan

A

a pan that has a flat lip in the front that makes it easy to slide under a patient who had problems lifting their pelvis

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16
Q

define regular pan

A

larger and deeper with a rounded lip designed to support the buttocks

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17
Q

what needs to be done before emptying the bed pans or urinals?

A

check if the patient’s feces or urine needs to be collected, or if it needs to be measured and recorded

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18
Q

define urinary catheter

A

tubes that go up the urethra into the bladder, allowing urine to be emptied into a collection bag

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19
Q

what must be done when the catheter bag if filled up?

A

empty it and measure urine if necessary

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20
Q

define colostomy/ileostomy

A
  • surgically formed passages from the large or small bowel through the abdominal wall that terminate in an external opening (stoma)
  • wear an external bag to collect fecal matter
21
Q

what is the procedure for applying a clean disposable colostomy bag?

A
  • measure the stoma
  • trace the measurement onto the skin barrier
  • cut the opening into the wafer
  • remove the protective backing
  • apply the pouch over the stoma
22
Q

what can be done when patients are uncomfortable lying flat on the table?

A

the radiographer can place sponges or cushions for support

23
Q

elevating the patient’s head can help with:

A
  • relieve neck strain
  • allow easier breathing
  • avoid uncomfortable feeling
24
Q

bolsters are useful for patients with:

A
  • spine injury
  • recent spine or abdominal surgery
25
Q

when placing a bolster under the patient’s knees, it helps alleviate:

A

lumbosacral stress by straightening lordosis

26
Q

what should be done when a patient is supine and has abdominal pain?

A

head elevated and bolster placed under the knees

27
Q

if a patient becomes short of breath when lying supine, you must-

A

help them sit up immediately

28
Q

define orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying down

29
Q

when a patient is nauseous, they must-

A

have their heads elevated

30
Q

if a patient cannot be assisted to a fowler position, what alternative can be done?

A

rolled into a lateral position

31
Q

define decubitus ulcer/bedsores

A

older /debilitated patients can develop ulcerated areas over prominent bony structures when pressure is exerted for even a short period of time

32
Q

what physical changes are visible with aging?

A

skin and circulatory system

33
Q

why should the radiographer be careful when maneuvering elderly patients?

A

due to the lack of a subcutaneous layer, they can easily bruise with any type of abrasion

34
Q

what body parts are most sensitive to an elderly?

A

the skin of the feet and legs

35
Q

minor contusions or abrasions can cause-

A

decubitus ulcer

36
Q

define restraints

A

reduce patient movement to ensure safety

37
Q

define immobilization

A

prevent undesired motion during imaging procedures

38
Q

what are examples of restraints?

A
  • wrist/ankle bands
  • vest with straps
39
Q

it is important to note that physical restraints on an adult patient-

A

requires a physicians order

40
Q

it is important to use safety straps because they-

A

prevent falls when patients are asleep, weak, disoriented, or sedated.

41
Q

do safety devices require a physicians order?

A

no

42
Q

do immobilization devices require a physicians order?

A

no

43
Q

what are some examples of immobilization devices?

A
  • compression bag
  • sandbag
  • tape
  • stockinet
44
Q

what device immobilizes infants to achieve a chest x-ray?

A

Pigg-O-Stat

45
Q

what are some signs of battered child syndrome/physical abuse/nonaccidental trauma?

A
  • multiple injuries
  • evidence of chronic or repeated injury with no other explanation
  • injuries that are not consistent with the parents’ report of trauma
  • failure to seek prompt treatment for serious injuries
  • bruise marks shaped like hands, fingers, or objects (such as belt)
  • specific patterns of scalding
  • burns from electric stove, radiator, heater, or other hot objects on the child’s hands or buttocks
  • cigarette burns on exposed areas or the genitals
  • black eyes on an infant
  • human bite marks
  • lash marks
  • choke marks around neck
  • circular marks around wrists or ankles (twisting)
  • separated skull sutures or bulging fontanel in an infant
  • unexplained unconsciousness in an infant
46
Q

define elder abuse

A

any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm or serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult

46
Q

what are different types of abuse?

A
  • physical abuse
  • sexual abuse
  • neglect
  • exploitation
  • emotional abuse
  • abandonment
  • self neglect
46
Q

what are some signs of elderly abuse?

A
  • Bruises, pressure marks, broken bones, abrasions, and burns may be an indication of physical abuse, neglect, or mistreatment.
  • Unexplained withdrawal from normal activities, a sudden change in alertness, and unusual depression may be indicators of emotional abuse.
  • Bruises around the breasts or genital area can occur from sexual abuse.
  • Sudden changes in financial situations may be the result of exploitation.
  • Decubitus ulcers, unattended medical needs, poor hygiene, and unusual weight loss are indicators of possible neglect.
  • Behaviors such as belittling, threats, and other uses of power and control by spouses or adult children are indicators of verbal or emotional abuse.
  • Strained or tense relationships, or frequent arguments between the caregiver and elderly person, can suggest potential problems.

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