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:] > Chapter 9 notes - Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx > Flashcards

Chapter 9 notes - Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx Flashcards

1
Q

why are the lumbar vertebrae the strongest vertebral section in the spine?

A

the load of body weight increases toward the inferior end of the column

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2
Q

which vertebral section is the largest out of the whole spine?

A

lumbar

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3
Q

Out of all 5 lumbar vertebrae, which one is the largest?

A

L5

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4
Q

how does the appearance of a lumbar vertebrae differ from a thoracic or cervical vertebrae?

A
  • the transverse process is smaller
  • the spinous process is larger/bulky
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5
Q

how are intervertebral foramina formed?

A

by the superior and inferior vertebral notches when they are stacked on top of one another

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6
Q

what is located in the intervertebral foramina?

A

spinal nerves and blood vessels

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7
Q

what projection/position will you be able to capture the intervertebral foramina in a lumbar spine?

A

lateral

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8
Q

in what angle can you view the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar spine?

A

45 degrees (oblique)

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9
Q

where is the pars interarticularis located?

A
  • in the lamina
  • it’s in between the lamina and the transverse process
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10
Q

what projection/position can the pars interarticularis be viewed?

A
  • oblique lumbar
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11
Q

what type of curvature is the lumbar spine?

A

lordotic/concave

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12
Q

how many bones does the sacrum have before during childhood?

A

5

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13
Q

how many bones does the sacrum have after reaching adulthood?

A

1

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14
Q

how is the apex of the sacrum showcased?

A

inferiorly and anteriorly

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15
Q

the sacrum has 4 sets of sacral foramina. What is their purpose?

A

transmits nerves and blood vessels

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16
Q

which bone does the superior articulating process of the sacrum articulate with?

A

the inferior articular process of L5

17
Q

what type of curvature is the sacrum?

A

kyphotic

18
Q

what part of the pelvis does the sacrum articulate with to form the sacroiliac joint?

A

ilium at the auricular surface

19
Q

what position/angle can open up the sacroiliac joints?

A

obliquely at 30 degrees

20
Q

which is the most distal portion of the vertebral column:
- coccyx
- thoracic
- cervical
- sacrum

A

coccyx

21
Q

true or false: the most superior segment of the coccyx is the largest and broadest

A

true

22
Q

what is the distal portion of the coccyx called?

A

apex

23
Q

what is the superior portion of the coccyx called?

A

base

24
Q

what type of curvature is the coccyx?

A

lordotic

25
Q

is the curvature of the coccyx more pronounced in men or women?

A

men

26
Q

what is the most common injury associated with the coccyx?

A

direct blow to the lower vertebral column when a person is in a sitting position

27
Q

who are more prone to coccyx fractures, women or men?

A

women

28
Q

what position/projection can show “scottie dog”?

A

45 degree oblique

29
Q

what’s the purpose of the Scottie Dog position?

A

to find any fractures in the pars interarticularis

30
Q

what type of joints are the zygapophyseal joints?

A

synovial > diarthrodial > plane/gliding

31
Q

what type of joint is the intervertebral foramen?

A

cartilaginous > amphiarthrodial

32
Q

why does the upper lumbar region need a larger angle than the lower region?

A

the upper region still has some characteristics of the thoracic, which originally needs a 70 degree angle to view the zygapophyseal joints

33
Q

when doing an RPO, which joints are you looking at? right or left?

A

right joints

34
Q

when doing an LPO, which joints are you looking at? right or left?

A

left joints

35
Q

when doing an RAO, which joints are you looking at? right or left?

A

left joints

36
Q

when doing an LAO, which joints are you looking at? right or left?

A

right joints

37
Q

what detail must be done when positioning for an AP lumbar spine? explain

A
  • knees must be flexed
  • without the flexion, the curvature of the spine increases OID, therefore, we need to decrease that gap
38
Q

how many bones does the coccyx have in childhood?

A

4

39
Q

how many bones does the coccyx have in adulthood?

A

1

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