LRA-226 Final Review Flashcards
what is the clinical indication for an AP Axial projection/AP Towne?
- skull fractures (medial and lateral displacement)
- neoplastic processes
- Paget’s disease
what is the patient position for an AP axial projection/AP Towne?
- depress the chin
- align OML with the EAM
- alignment will be perpendicular to the IR
what is the CR for an AP Axial projection/AP Towne view?
- 2 inches above the glabella
- tube angle of 30 degrees caudal to the OML
if the patient cannot depress chin to align the OML with the EAM, what changes need to be made?
- change the tube angle to 37 degrees caudal
- change the alignment to the IOML w/ the EAM
what anatomy is demonstrated in a AP Axial projection/AP Townes view?
- occipital bone
- petrous pyramids
- foramen magnum
- dorsum sellae
- posterior clinoid process
- petrous ridges should be symmmetrical
what is the clinical indication for a Lateral skull?
- skull fractures
- neoplastic processes
- Paget’s disease
what is the patient position for a Lateral skull?
- place head in a true lateral position
- align the IOML with the EAM
- alignment is parallel to the IR
- MSP line is parallel to the IR
- IPL is perpendicular to the IR
- IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR
what is the CR for a lateral skull?
2 inches above/superior to the EAM
what anatomy is demonstrated in a Lateral skull?
- entire cranium is visualized
- superimposed parietal bones of the cranium
- sella turcica (profile)
- anterior and posterior clinoid process
- dorsum sellae
- clivus (profile)
what is the clinical indication for a PA Axial Caldwell of the skull?
- skull fractures
- neoplastic processes
- pagets disease
what is the patient positions for a PA Axial caldwell of the skull?
- rest the patients nose and forehead to the IR
- flex neck to align OML with EAM
- alignment is perpendicular to the IR
- MSP is perpendicular to the IR
what is the CR of a PA Axial caldwell of the skull?
- CR tube angle of 15 degrees caudad
- exits the nasion
what anatomy is demonstrated in a PA Axial Caldwell skull?
- frontal bone
- greater and lesser sphenoid wings
- superior orbital fissure
- frontal and anterior ethmoid sinus
- supraorbital margins
- crista galli
- petrous pyramids are projected into the lower one-third of the orbits
what is a clinical indication for a PA projection Skull?
- skull fractures (medial and lateral displacement)
- neoplastic processes
- Pagets disease
what is the patient position for a PA projection Skull?
- rest patient’s nose and forehead against IR
- align OML with the EAM
- alignment is perpendicular to the IR
- MSP is perpendicular to the IR
what is the CR for the PA projection Skull?
- CR perpendicular to the IR
- exits the glabella
what anatomy is demonstrated in the PA projection Skull?
- frontal bone
- crista galli
- internal auditory canals
- frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses
- petrous ridges
- greater and lesser wings of sphenoid
- dorsum sellae
- petrous ridges are at the level of the supraorbital margin
what is the clinical indication for a SMV Skull?
- advanced bony pathology of the inner temporal bone
- possible basal skull fracture
what’s the patient position for a SMV skull?
- hyperextend neck
- align IOML with the EAM
- alignment is parallel to the IR
- MSP is perpendicular to the IR
- rest patient’s head on vertex
what is the CR for a SMV skull?
- 1.5 inch inferior to the mandibular symphysis
- CR is perpendicular to the IR
what anatomy is demonstrated in a SMV skull?
- foramen ovale/spinosum
- mandible
- sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
- mastoid process
- petrous ridges
- hard palate
- foramen magnum
- occipital bone
what is the clinical indication for a lateral facial bone?
- fractures
- neoplastic processes
- inflammatory process of the facial bones, orbits, and mandible
what is the patient position for a Lateral facial bone?
- place head at a true lateral
- align IOML with the EAM
- alignment is parallel to the IR
- MSP is parallel to the IR
- IPL is perpendicular to the IR
- IOML is perpendicular to the front edge of the IR
what is the CR for a Lateral facial bone?
- zygoma
- between the outer canthus and EAM
- CR perpendicular to the IR
what anatomy is demonstrated in a lateral facial bone?
- superimposed facial bones
- greater wings of sphenoid
- orbital plates
- sella turcica
- zygoma
- mandible
what is the clinical indication for a waters method/parietoacanthial method?
- fractures (tripod and le fort)
- neoplastic or inflammatory processes
- foreign bodies in the eye
what is the patient position for a waters view/parietoacanthial method?
- extend head to align the MML with the EAM
- alignment is perpendicular to the IR (forms a 37 degree)
- MSP is perpendicular to IR
- rest chin to IR
what is the CR for a waters view/parietoacanthial method?
- CR is perpendicular to IR
- exits the acanthion
what anatomy is demonstrated in a waters view/parietoacanthial view?
- IOMs
- maxillae
- nasal septum
- zygomatic bones
- zygomatic arches
- anterior nasal spine
- petrous ridges just inferior to the maxillary sinuses
