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SBL > Paraneoplastic Syndromes > Flashcards

Paraneoplastic Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Paraneoplastic Syndrome?

A

Tumor secretes substances or evokes other factors

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2
Q

Tumor secretes substances of evokes other factors

A

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

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3
Q

Levels of calcium and PTH with Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

A 
Calcium = HIGH
PTH = LOW
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4
Q

What will be INCREASED that mediates Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy?

A

PTH-rp

PTH - related protein

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5
Q

Symptoms of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy?

A

Mental status changes

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6
Q

With Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy, cancers will release PTH-rp, what does this cause?

A

Bone resorption and renal distal tubule calcium reabsorption

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7
Q

Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy does NOT affect?

A

Vitamin D pathway and intestinal calcium absorption

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8
Q

Symptoms of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy?

A

Mental status changes due to increased calcium

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9
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

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10
Q

With SIADH, what are the levels of plasma sodium and serum osmolality?

A

LOW

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11
Q

With SIADH, what is the level of urine osmolality?

A

ELEVATED

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12
Q

Symptoms of SIADH?

A

Drowsy and irritable

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13
Q

What mediates SIADH?

A

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) and

AVP (arginine vasopressin)

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14
Q

What mediates SIADH?

A

ADH and AVP

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15
Q

What carcinoma usually causes SIADH?

A

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

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16
Q

Describe how SIADH arises?

A
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma secretes ADH and AVP
  • ADH and AVP cause renal receptors to retain free water
  • Thus, the water is not excreted in the urine = high osmolality
  • Thus, the water dilutes the serum
17
Q

Describe how SIADH arises?

A
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma secretes ADH and AVP
  • ADH and AVP cause renal receptors to retain free water
  • Thus, the water is not excreted in the urine = high osmolality
  • Thus, the water dilutes the serum
18
Q

With SIADH, levels of plasma sodium, serum osmolality and urine osmolality

A

Plasma sodium - LOW
Serum osmolality - LOW
Urine osmolality - HIGH

19
Q

What is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome caused by small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma?

A

SIADH

20
Q

What is the 2nd most common paraneoplastic syndrome caused by small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma?

A

Cushing Syndrome

21
Q

Level of serum potassium with Cushing Syndrome?

A

LOW

22
Q

Symptoms of Cushing Syndrome?

A

Weight loss, muscle weakness, and new-onset hypertension

23
Q

Weight loss, muscle weakness, new onset hypertension?

A

Cushing Syndrome

24
Q

What will BOTH be elevated with Cushing Syndrome?

A

ACTH

CORTISOL

25
Q

What will be absent from Cushing syndrome if it is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

Central obesity and moon facies

26
Q

Describe how Cushing Syndrome arises?

A
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma secretes ACTH
  • ACTH causes adrenal gland to secrete Cortisol
    = Hypertension, muscle weakness, weight loss
27
Q

Describe how Cushing Syndrome arises?

A
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma secretes ACTH
  • ACTH causes adrenal gland to secrete Cortisol
    = Hypertension, muscle weakness, weight loss
28
Q

Serum potassium level with Cushing syndrome?

A

LOW

29
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

A

Auto-antibodies against voltage gated calcium channels

“anti-VGCC antibodies”

30
Q

Anti-voltage gated calcium channel antibodies are seen with?

A

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

31
Q

The autoantibodies against voltage gated calcium channels with Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome target?

A

NMJ

32
Q

What cancer commonly causes Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

A

Small cell

33
Q

Symptoms of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

A

Proximal muscle weakness that improves with repetitive motion/stimulation

34
Q

Proximal muscle weakness that improves with repetitive motion/stimulation

A

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

35
Q

How do you diagnose Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

A

Antibodies and nerve stimulation testing

SBL (48 decks)

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