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SBL > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

HIV

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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2
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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3
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Result of longstanding immunosuppression due to the untreated HIV that results in:

  1. Opportunistic infections
  2. Secondary neoplasms
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4
Q

What defines AIDS?

A

CD4 count < 200
AND/OR
Presence of an AIDS-defining illness

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5
Q

From riskiest to least risky, what types of sex are the most common forms of HIV spread?

A
  1. Receptive anal sex
  2. Insertive anal sex
  3. Receptive vaginal sex
  4. Insertive vaginal sex
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6
Q

Top ways for HIV to be spread?

A

Sex
Needles
Mother to baby

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7
Q

HIV disproportionately affects what populations?

A

Males who have sex with males and African Americans

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8
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of HIV

A
  • Infection of mucosal tissues
  • Virus spreads to lymph nodes
  • Virus spreads throughout the body (ACUTE)
  • Antibodies are made to get partial control of the viral replication
  • Clinical latency (CHRONIC)
  • AIDS
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9
Q

What causes HIV to transition from the clinical latency phase to AIDS?

A

Opportunistic infections that increase the viral load and kill off the remaining CD4 T cells

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10
Q

When does the Acute phase occur and what are the symptoms?

A

Within weeks of infection

- Flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, rash)

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11
Q

When does the Chronic phase occur and what are the symptoms?

A

Can last for years

- ASYMPTOMATIC

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12
Q

When does AIDS occur and what are the symptoms?

A

Variable timing

- Fever, weight loss, night sweats, symptoms of opportunistic infections

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13
Q

In order from earliest (+) to latest, what are the 3 tests to diagnose HIV?

A
  1. HIV RNA PCR/ HIV NAAT/ Viral load
  2. HIV p24 antigen
  3. HIV antibody test
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14
Q

In order from earliest (+) to latest, what are the 3 tests to diagnose HIV?

A
  1. HIV RNA PCR/ HIV NAAT/ Viral load
  2. HIV p24 antigen
  3. HIV antibody test
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15
Q

What tests will be (+) during the Acute Phase?

A
  • HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT/Viral load

- p24 antigen

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16
Q

What test will be (-) during the Acute Phase?

A

HIV antibody test

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17
Q

What is the Window Period?

A

Time during early infection before the HIV antibody test is (+)

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18
Q

In the algorithm for HIV diagnosis, what is performed first?

A

HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combination Immunoassay

p24 antigen + HIV antibody

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19
Q

If the HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combination Immunoassay comes back (+), what is performed next?

A

HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay

20
Q

The HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay can differentiate between?

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections

21
Q

If the HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay comes back (-) or indeterminate, what is performed next?

A

HIV NAAT (viral load/HIV RNA PCR)

22
Q

If the HIV NAAT comes back (+) the diagnosis is?

A

HIV-1 infection

23
Q

What is the best indicator of immunologic function to monitor HIV?

A

CD4 count

24
Q

CD4 count can _____ day to day

A

fluctuate

25
Q

Besides the CD4 count, what else can be monitored with HIV?

A

Viral load/HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT

26
Q

What is the treatment for HIV?

A

ART = Antiretroviral Therapy

27
Q

When on Antiretroviral Therapy, what becomes undetectable and is at very low levels?

A

Viral load/HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT

28
Q

ART is usually 3 drugs combined into?

A

1 pill

29
Q

ART causes?

A

Viral suppression that leads to immune recovery

30
Q

ART causes?

A

Viral suppression that leads to immune recovery

31
Q

When ART is working, patients are no longer at risk for?

A

Opportunistic infections

32
Q

HIV patients who are consistently taking their ART medications can expect what type of lifespan?

A

Near normal

33
Q

Even with HIGH CD4 counts and treatment, HIV still causes?

A

Chronic Immune Activation

34
Q

Chronic Immune Activation increases your risk for?

A

Cardiovascular disease and cervical cancer

35
Q

Those on ART are still at risk for?

A

Cardiovascular disease and cervical cancer

36
Q

Undetectable =

A

Untransmittable

37
Q

Untransmittable =

A

Undetectable

38
Q

When the HIV is undetectable in the blood, it?

A

CANNOT be transmitted through sex

39
Q

PrEP

A

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

40
Q

PrEP is for?

A

HIV prevention

41
Q

Who can take PrEP?

A

HIV NEGATIVE people who are at risk for contracting HIV

42
Q

Who can take PrEP?

A

HIV NEGATIVE people who are at risk for contracting HIV

43
Q

PrEP is taken _____ to block HIV infection

A

daily

44
Q

PrEP

A

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

45
Q

What is the main reason for disparities in who is affected with HIV?

A

Social determinants of health

SBL (48 decks)

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