HIV/AIDS Flashcards
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
What is AIDS?
Result of longstanding immunosuppression due to the untreated HIV that results in:
- Opportunistic infections
- Secondary neoplasms
What defines AIDS?
CD4 count < 200
AND/OR
Presence of an AIDS-defining illness
From riskiest to least risky, what types of sex are the most common forms of HIV spread?
- Receptive anal sex
- Insertive anal sex
- Receptive vaginal sex
- Insertive vaginal sex
Top ways for HIV to be spread?
Sex
Needles
Mother to baby
HIV disproportionately affects what populations?
Males who have sex with males and African Americans
Describe the pathogenesis of HIV
- Infection of mucosal tissues
- Virus spreads to lymph nodes
- Virus spreads throughout the body (ACUTE)
- Antibodies are made to get partial control of the viral replication
- Clinical latency (CHRONIC)
- AIDS
What causes HIV to transition from the clinical latency phase to AIDS?
Opportunistic infections that increase the viral load and kill off the remaining CD4 T cells
When does the Acute phase occur and what are the symptoms?
Within weeks of infection
- Flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, rash)
When does the Chronic phase occur and what are the symptoms?
Can last for years
- ASYMPTOMATIC
When does AIDS occur and what are the symptoms?
Variable timing
- Fever, weight loss, night sweats, symptoms of opportunistic infections
In order from earliest (+) to latest, what are the 3 tests to diagnose HIV?
- HIV RNA PCR/ HIV NAAT/ Viral load
- HIV p24 antigen
- HIV antibody test
In order from earliest (+) to latest, what are the 3 tests to diagnose HIV?
- HIV RNA PCR/ HIV NAAT/ Viral load
- HIV p24 antigen
- HIV antibody test
What tests will be (+) during the Acute Phase?
- HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT/Viral load
- p24 antigen
What test will be (-) during the Acute Phase?
HIV antibody test
What is the Window Period?
Time during early infection before the HIV antibody test is (+)
In the algorithm for HIV diagnosis, what is performed first?
HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combination Immunoassay
p24 antigen + HIV antibody
If the HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combination Immunoassay comes back (+), what is performed next?
HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay
The HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay can differentiate between?
HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections
If the HIV-1/2 antibody differentiation Immunoassay comes back (-) or indeterminate, what is performed next?
HIV NAAT (viral load/HIV RNA PCR)
If the HIV NAAT comes back (+) the diagnosis is?
HIV-1 infection
What is the best indicator of immunologic function to monitor HIV?
CD4 count
CD4 count can _____ day to day
fluctuate
Besides the CD4 count, what else can be monitored with HIV?
Viral load/HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT
What is the treatment for HIV?
ART = Antiretroviral Therapy
When on Antiretroviral Therapy, what becomes undetectable and is at very low levels?
Viral load/HIV RNA PCR/HIV NAAT
ART is usually 3 drugs combined into?
1 pill
ART causes?
Viral suppression that leads to immune recovery
ART causes?
Viral suppression that leads to immune recovery
When ART is working, patients are no longer at risk for?
Opportunistic infections
HIV patients who are consistently taking their ART medications can expect what type of lifespan?
Near normal
Even with HIGH CD4 counts and treatment, HIV still causes?
Chronic Immune Activation
Chronic Immune Activation increases your risk for?
Cardiovascular disease and cervical cancer
Those on ART are still at risk for?
Cardiovascular disease and cervical cancer
Undetectable =
Untransmittable
Untransmittable =
Undetectable
When the HIV is undetectable in the blood, it?
CANNOT be transmitted through sex
PrEP
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
PrEP is for?
HIV prevention
Who can take PrEP?
HIV NEGATIVE people who are at risk for contracting HIV
Who can take PrEP?
HIV NEGATIVE people who are at risk for contracting HIV
PrEP is taken _____ to block HIV infection
daily
PrEP
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
What is the main reason for disparities in who is affected with HIV?
Social determinants of health
