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AIDS - opportunistic infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection?

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP)

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2
Q

Symptoms of infection with Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia?

A

Fever, non-productive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain

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3
Q

What is the most common physical exam finding with Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia?

A

Exertional Hypoxia

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4
Q

What does a CT scan show with Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia?

A

Ground-glass infiltrates in the lungs

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5
Q

Fever, dyspnea, non-productive cough, exertional hypoxia are seen with what opportunistic infection?

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia

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6
Q

Ground-glass infiltrates in the lungs will be seen with what opportunistic infection?

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia

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7
Q

PJP occurs with CD4 count less than?

A

200

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8
Q

How do you diagnose PJP?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Sputum analysis

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9
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis occurs with CD4 count less than?

A

500

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10
Q

Symptoms of infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?

A

Fever, cough, dyspnea, weight loss, night sweats

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11
Q

Fever, cough, dyspnea, weight loss, night sweats

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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12
Q

What will be present in imaging of the lungs with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?

A

Apical cavitary lesion in upper lung fields

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13
Q

Apical cavitary lesion in the upper lung fields will be seen with what opportunistic infection?

A

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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14
Q

What CD4 count is necessary to get Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

ANY

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15
Q

Symptoms of Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest infiltrates

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16
Q

2 typical organisms that cause Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

H. Influenzae

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17
Q

CNS Toxoplasmosis occurs with a CD4 count less than?

A

100

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18
Q

What toxoplasma antibody will be (+) in toxoplasmosis?

19
Q

How do you get CNS toxoplasmosis?

A

Reactivation of latent tissue cysts in patients with prior toxoplasmosis infection

20
Q

Symptoms of CNS Toxoplasmosis?

A

Fever, headache and FOCAL NEURO DEFICITS

21
Q

Fever, headache and focal neuro deficits?

A

CNS Toxoplasmosis

22
Q

What will be seen on MRI with CNS toxoplasmosis infection?

A

MULTIPLE ring-enhancing lesions

23
Q

Primary CNS Lymphoma can present similar to?

A

CNS toxoplasmosis

24
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma occurs with a CD4 count less than?

25
Q

Symptoms of Primary CNS lymphoma?

A

Fever, headache and FOCAL NEURO DEFICITS

26
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma and CNS Toxoplasmosis have the same symptoms. What does Primary CNS lymphoma have on MRI?

A

SINGLE ring-enhancing lesion instead of multiple that CNS toxoplasmosis has

27
Q

Cryptococcal Meningitis occurs with CD4 count less than?

28
Q

What is the leading cause of meningitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

29
Q

Symptoms of Cryptococcal Meningitis opportunistic infection?

A

Fever, headache, altered mental status

30
Q

Fever, headache, altered mental status

A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

31
Q

How do you diagnose Cryptococcal Meningitis?

A

Lumbar puncture with CSF shows elevated opening pressure

- and the cryptococcal antigen is (+)

32
Q

A lumbar puncture with CSF shows elevated opening pressure?

A

Cryptococcal Meningitis

33
Q

What is a common late complication of AIDS (CD4 < 50)?

A

Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

34
Q

Symptoms of Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare?

A

Fever, weight loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain

35
Q

Symptoms of Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare?

A

Fever, weight loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain

36
Q

2 options with reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Retinitis

Colitis

37
Q

CMV retinitis symptoms?

A

Floats, cut visual field, scotomas (flashing lights)

38
Q

CMV colitis symptoms?

A

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

39
Q

CMV retinitis and colitis symptoms?

A

CMV retinitis - floaters, cut visual field, scotomas (flashing lights)
CMV colitis - diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

40
Q

Candidiasis infection involve what physical exam finding in the mouth?

A

White plaques that easily scrape off

41
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia differs from Candidiasis in that?

A

The white plaques do NOT scrape off

- associated with EBV

42
Q

Prophylaxis for PJP and Toxoplasmosis?

A

Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

43
Q

Prophylaxis for PJP and Toxoplasmosis?

A

Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

44
Q

Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia and CNS Toxoplasma?

A

Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

SBL (48 decks)

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