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SBL > Hodgkin Lymphoma/Plasma cell neoplasia and T cell malignancies > Flashcards

Hodgkin Lymphoma/Plasma cell neoplasia and T cell malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a plasma cell neoplasia called?

A

(multiple) myeloma

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2
Q

What is a myeloma?

A

Abnormal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow

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3
Q

What method detects monoclonal gammopathy?

A

Protein Electrophoresis - separates proteins by charge

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4
Q

An M spike of antibodies in the gamma region could indicate?

A

Myeloma

Monoclonal gammopathy

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5
Q

What heavy chains (class of antibody) are usually elevated with myelomas?

A

IgG - majority

IgA

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6
Q

Types of light chains of the antibodies?

A

Kappa

Lambda

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7
Q

1 way to diagnose myeloma is if there is > _____ plasmacytosis

A

> 60% plasmacytosis (increase in plasma cells)

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8
Q

MGUS

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

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9
Q

If MGUS is present, what other symptoms are needed to diagnose a myeloma?

A

CRAB and Marrow plasmacytosis

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10
Q

CRAB is seen with myelomas. What are those symptoms?

A

C - Elevated calcium
R - Impaired renal function
A - Anemia
B - Bone lesions

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11
Q

If elevated calcium is present, what are some potential signs?

A

Altered mental status
Constipation
Seizures
Cardiac rhythm changes

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12
Q

What causes impaired renal function with myelomas?

A

Due to the immunoglobins being filtered and the presence of Bence - Jones proteins

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13
Q

What are Bence - Jones proteins?

A

Ig - Renal glycoprotein CASTS

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14
Q

What do Bence - Jones proteins do?

A

Ig - Renal glycoprotein CASTS

- Clog and damage renal tubules = impaired renal function

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15
Q

Besides Bence - Jones proteins, what else can indicate impaired renal function with myelomas?

A

Light chains spilling into the urine

AL amyloid

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16
Q

What is the most common manifestation of a myeloma?

A

Anemia

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17
Q

What causes Anemia in association with myelomas?

A

Marrow infilration, IL-6, renal damage (decreased erythropoietin)

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18
Q

Bone lesions associated with Myeloma have what appearance?

A

Punched out appearance

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19
Q

Hyperviscosity is also present with myelomas. What does that cause?

A

Thromboembolic events - stroke, thrombosis, etc.

Rouleaux formation on peripheral blood smear

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20
Q

What is a Rouleaux formation on peripheral blood smear?

A

RBC stacking, seen with myelomas due to hyperviscosity and the stickiness of Ig’s

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21
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy + CRAB + plasmascytosis in marrow + hyperviscosity

A

Myeloma

22
Q

Another name for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma?

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

23
Q

Another name for Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

24
Q

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia has elevated?

A

IgM

25
Q

Elevated IgM could indiacte?

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

26
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy (with IgM) + hyperviscosity could indicate lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Describe the symptoms due to this hyperviscosity.

A

Neurologic manifestations

Visual impairment

27
Q

Visual impairment with elevated IgM could indicate?

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

28
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma, localized to a group or lymph nodes or not?

A

Yes, localized

29
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma, how does it spread?

A

Orderly based on nearby lymph nodes

30
Q

How common is extranodal presentation and mesenteric node/waldeyer ring involvement for Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

RARE

31
Q

What cells are often seen with Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Reed Sternberg cells

32
Q

What cluster designations are (+) for Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

CD15, CD30, PAX-5

33
Q

CD15, CD30, PAX-5 (+)

A

Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

34
Q

What cells are often seen with Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Lymphohistiocytic cells (popcorn)

35
Q

What cluster designations are (+) for Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

CD20

36
Q

Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma can transform into?

A

Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma

37
Q

What are the only ways to diagnose types of Hodgkin Lymphomas?

A

Staining and Morphology

38
Q

4 types of T cell lymphomas

A
  1. Anaplastic Large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
  2. Adult T cell Lymphoma/Leukemia
  3. Mycosis Fungoides
  4. Sezary syndrome
39
Q

What can become constitutively activated with Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)?

A

ALK tryosine kinase

40
Q

ALK (+) patient population and prognosis for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)?

A

Younger patients with better prognosis

41
Q

ALK (-) patient population and prognosis for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)?

A

Older patients with worse prognosis

42
Q

What is an Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma associated with?

A

HTLV-1 infection

43
Q

HTLV-1 infection is often seen with?

A

Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

44
Q

What types of cells are seen with an Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma?

A

Cloverleaf cells = worse prognosis when in circulation

45
Q

Physical signs of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma?

A

Skin involvement

- Lesions and nodules are common

46
Q

Lesions and nodules on the skin + HTLV-1 infection correlates to what T cell lymphoma?

A

Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

47
Q

Mycosis Fungoides is a?

A

T cell lymphoma with cutaneous manifestations

48
Q

T cell lymphoma with cutaneous manifestations?

A

Mycosis Fungoides

49
Q

Sezary Syndrome is a?

A

T cell lymphoma with erythroderma and leukemia

50
Q

T cell lymphoma with erythroderma and leukemia?

A

Sezary Syndrome

SBL (48 decks)

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