Notifiable Diseases and immunisations - PUBLIC HEALTH

Question 1

Name some notifiable diseases

Answer 1

1. Cholera
2. Plague
3. Rabies
4. Smallpox
5. Yellow fever

Question 2

Name four diseases that need specific control measures

Answer 2

1. Acute infectious hepatitis
2. Foodbourne
3. Scarlet fever
4. TB

Question 3

What is the role of surveillance

Answer 3

1. Detection of any changes in a disease (forecasting)
2. Track change sin disease (extent and severity)

Allows interventions tone targeted at vulnerable groups

Question 4

What are polysaccharide vaccines

Answer 4

1. Contain polysaccharide antiegns

Question 5

Cons of polysaccharide vaccines

Answer 5

1. Not long-lasting

2. response in infants is poor

Question 6

Cons of live attenuated vaccines

Answer 6

Takes time

Causes mild form of disease

Question 7

What is primary vaccine failure

Answer 7

Person doesn’t develop immunity from the vaccine

Question 8

What is secondary vaccine failure

Answer 8

Initially response but protection wanes over time

Question 9

What is meningococcal infection caused by

Answer 9

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 10

Is meningococcus easily spread

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How is meningococcus spread

Answer 11

Mouth to mouth or inhaling respiratory secretions from the mouth

Close prolonged contact is required

Question 12

What people does meningococcus effect

Answer 12

Less than 5 years of age

Under 1s

Question 13

What are the most common pathogenic serogroups of neisseria meningitidis

Answer 13

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. Y
5. W135

Question 14

Most common serogroups in the UK

Answer 14

1. B

2. C

Question 15

Symptoms of sequelae (meningitis)

Answer 15

1. Brain abscess
2. Brain damage
3. Hearing impairment
4. Organ failure
5. Gangrene
6. Death

Question 16

Clinical management of sequelae

Answer 16

1. Antibiotic: Cefotaxime

NEED TO PREVENT FURTHER CASES: Notification, contact tracing and prophylaxis

Must be notified WITHOUT delay

Question 17

What people are considered to have been contacted with meningitis

Answer 17

Any person in close contact with a case in the past 7 days (kissing, sleeping with, spendingg more than 8 hours in the same room)

Question 18

When can prophylaxis be given for meningitis

Answer 18

Once contacts have been identified

Question 19

Whats the glass test for meningitis

Answer 19

Petechial spots do not blanch under pressure

Question 20

What prophylaxis is used in meningitis treatment

Answer 20

1, Ciprofloxacin (older children and adults)

2. Rifampicin (not pregnant women)
3. reduces spread

Question 21

What is the green book

Answer 21

Guidance on immunisations in the UK

Question 22

Define septicaemia

Answer 22

Large volumes of bacteria entering the bloodstream causing blood poisoning

Question 23

What is intermittent claudication

Answer 23

1. Atherosclerotic blockages causes functional vasospasm

Question 24

How is intermittent claudication diagnosed

Answer 24

Relieved by rest 
Leg pain (calf)

Question 25

How is intermittent claudication treated

Answer 25

Revascularisation

Question 26

What is critical limb ischaemia

Answer 26

1. Advanced stage of Peripheral Artery Disease

2. Defined as a triad: Rest pain, arterial insufficiency ulcers and gangrene

Question 27

How is critical limb rest pain exacerbated

Answer 27

Elevating the limb

Question 28

How is critical limb rest pain relived

Answer 28

Sitting or standing

Question 29

How is critical limb treated

Answer 29

Revascularisation

Question 30

How is Peripheral artery disease diagnosed

Answer 30

1. Muscle atrophy
2. Blueness of limb
3. Decreased pulses
4. decreased temperature
5. Ankle-brachial index

Question 31

What is ABI

Answer 31

Measures ratio of systolic BP in ankle to systolic BP in upper arm

Question 32

Describe the classification of PAD

Answer 32

I - Asymptomatic
IIa - intermittent claudication after walking 200 m
IIb - intermittent claudication after walking less than 200m
III - rest pain
Iv - gangrene in limb