DIARRHOEA - Public Health Flashcards by Neil Srivastava | Brainscape

Q

What is type I on the bristol stool chart

A

Separate hard lumps (heard to pass)

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Q

What is type II on the bristol stool chart

A

Sausage-shaped and lumpy

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Q

What is type 3 on the bristol stool chart

A

Like a sausage but with cracks on surface

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Q

What is type 4 on the bristol stool chart

A

Smooth soft sausage

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Q

What is type 5 on the bristol stool chart

A

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges

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Q

What is type 6 on the bristol stool chart

A

Fluffy and mushy

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Q

What is type 7 on the bristol stool chart

A

Entirely liquid

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Q

Describe the chain of infection

A

Agent
Transmission
Portal of entry
HOST
Person to person
Reservoir
Portal of exit

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Q

Direct transmissions

A

Direct - STIs

Faeco-Oral route: Viral GE

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Q

airborne transmission examples

A

TB

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Q

Name 4 diarrhoea diseases

A

Dysentery
Typhoid
Hepatitis
Cholera

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Q

What organisms can cause diarrhoea disease

A

Rotavirus
Shigella
E.coli
Salmonella typhi
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E

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Q

What is dysentery

A

Inflammation of the GI tract = abdo pain and diarrhoea

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Q

Characteristics of vibrio cholerae

A

Gram-negative vibrio

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Q

Characteristics of E.coli

A

Gram-negative bacillus

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Q

When does the norovirus occur

A

Winter

Q

Symptoms of norovirus

A

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Fever
Chills

Q

How long does norovirus last

A

1-3 days

Q

How is C.diffile spread

A

Falco-Oral route

2. Spores in the environment

Q

Can asymptomatic people spread c.difficle

A

Unlikely

Q

How is C.diff prevented

A

Alcohol hand rubs do NOT destroy spores
Handwahsing and soap will remove spores

C.diff spores are highly resistant to chemicals

Q

What is SIGHT

A

S - suspect C.diff as cause for diarrhoea
I - isolate case
G - gloves and aprons
H- hand washing and soap and water
T- test stool for toxin

Q

How is c.diff managed

A

Control antibiotic usage
Standard infection control
Surveillance and case finding
SUSPECT

Q

What antibiotic is used to treat c.diff

A

Metronidazole

Q

How is c.diff investigated

A

Stool culture
Tissue sample in sigmoidoscopy
Test stool sample itself

Q

Why can diarrhoea cause death in children

A

More than 3 times a day

2. Fluid loss = death

Q

Control measures for diarrhoea

A

Hand-washing
Ensure availability of safe drinking water
Safe disposal of human waste
Breastfeeding of infants and young children
Safe handling and processing of food
Control of flies and vectors
Vaccination

Q

What people are at risk of diarrhoea

A

A - people of doubtful hygiene
B - children at pre-school or nursery
People whose work involves prepping or serving uncooked food
Social care staff