Arrhythmia Flashcards
What diseases show left axis deviation
- Left anterior fasicular block
- Left bundle branch block
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
What diseases show right axis deviation
- Left posterior fascicular block
2. Right heart hypertrophy
What does the PR interval look like in WPW syndrome
Shorter than 120ms
What does the QRS complex deflection pattern look like in the precordial chest leads
Negative in V1 and becomes progressively positive by V6
What is the normal axis for the QRS complex
-30 to +90
In what conditions would we get a broad QRS complex
Ventricular conduction delay
Bundle branch block
In what conditions would there be a small QRS complex
Obesity
Pericardial effusion
Infiltrative cardiac disease
In what conditions can a tall QRS complex be seen
- LV hypertrophy (S wave in V1)
2. Thin patient
What condition would cause the T wave to move in the opposite direction to the QRS complex
Bundle branch block
Name four types of supraventiruclar tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
WPW
Atrial flutter
PSVT
How are supra ventricular tachycardias diagnosed
ECG
How are supraventiruclar tachycardias treated
Calcium channel blockers
Beta-blockers
Characteristics of supra ventricular tachycardias on ECG
- Narrow QRS
What is WPW syndrome
AVN does not delay so signals move straight from the atria to the ventricles without break
Where do supraventircular tachycardias originate from
- SAN
2. AVN
What causes bradycardia
- Ischaemia
- Inflammation
- Drugs
- Conduction tissue fibrosis
What is Mobitz type I AV conduction problems
- PR interval gradually increases until AV node fails completely + no QRS wave is seen. PR gradually returns to original length and repeats
What is Morbitz type II AV conduction problems
- Sudden unpredictable loss of AV conduction and QRS
- Loss of conduction in Bundle of His and Purkyne fibres
PR interval is constant
Characteristics of left bundle branch block on an ECG
- Heart rhythm originates from supraventircular
- QRS greater than 120ms
- M-shaped R wave in V6
- Deflection of T wave in opposite direction to QRS
How to diagnose right bundle branch block on an ECG
- Supraventircular origin
- QRS more than 100ms in incomplete and 120 in complete
- S wave prolonged
- T wave opposite deflection to QRS
How does an ECG indicate hyperkalaemia
- Tall T waves
- Flattening P waves
- QRS broadening
How does an ECG indicate hypokalaemia
Flattening of T wave, QT prolongation
How does ECG indicate hypercalcaemia
QT shortening
How does an ECG indicate hypocalcaemia
QT prolongation
