Hypertension Symposium

Question 1

How is Systemic Hypertension diagnosed

Answer 1

BP measured in quiet room and repeated after one minute of standing

Question 2

When is ABPM offered to patients

Answer 2

Those with a clinical BP of <140/90 to confirm diagnosis

Question 3

What is stage 1 hypertension

Answer 3

1. BP> 140/90 and daytime ABPM or HBPM> 135/85

Question 4

What is stage 2 hypertension

Answer 4

BP> 160/100 and ABPM> 150/95

Question 5

What is severe hypertension

Answer 5

180/110 or above

Question 6

What follow-up test should be performed in patients with hypertension diagnosis

Answer 6

QRISK (checks CV risk)

Question 7

Outline the four investigations used to test for hypertension

Answer 7

1. Urinalysis
2. Blood tests
3. FUndoscopy
4. A 12-lead ECG

Question 8

How does Urinalysis test for BP

Answer 8

Proteins
Albumin: Creatinine ratio
Haematuria

Question 9

How does blood tests help for BP diagnosis

Answer 9

Glucose
GFR
HDL cholesterol levels

Question 10

How does fundoscopy test for BP

Answer 10

Detects retinopathy

Question 11

How does a 12-lead ECG test for high BP

Answer 11

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 12

How is hypertension managed via lifestyle intervention

Answer 12

1. Diet: high consumption of water and veg
2. Regular excersise (10 minutes moderate intensity 5-7 times a week)
3. Reduction in alcohol
4. Reduction in Na intake
5. Smoking cessation
6. Weight reduction

Question 13

What type of hypertension is managed using pharmacological intervention

Answer 13

Stage II hypertension

Question 14

What is first-line treatment for patients under 55

Answer 14

ACE inhibitor (enalapril)

or ARB (candesartan)

Question 15

What could be used instead of ACE inhibitors in young pregnant women

Answer 15

Beta-blockers

Question 16

What first-line treatment is given to patients above 55 and/or black

Answer 16

Calcium-channel blocker (amlodipine)

Question 17

How do genetics cause hypertension

Answer 17

Monogenic mutation in genes controlling Na retention

Question 18

How does the autonomic system play a role in hypertension

Answer 18

1. Increased sympathetic activity

2. Aterial baroreceptors are reset to a higher pressure in

Question 19

What drugs can cause hypertension

Answer 19

1. NSAIDS
2. Corticosteroids
3. Ciclosporins
4. Cold cures
5. Cocaine amirite

Question 20

What is Conn’s syndrome

Answer 20

Overproduction of aldosterone due to unilateral adrenal adenoma - sodium and water retention

Question 21

What is more common, primary or secondary hypertension

Answer 21

Primary