Drug List - Year 2 Flashcards
Name an anti-emetic given for leukaemia disorders
ONDANSETRON
How does ONDANSETRON work
5-HT3 antagonist
How does 5-HT3 initiate the vomiting reflex
Serotonin is released by Eneterochromaffin cells in the small intestines in response to chemotherapy agents - initiates the voting reflex
Where are 5-HT3 receptors found
CNS
How is ONDANSETRON taken
Orally
How do bisphoshpnates function
Aldendronate has a HIGh affinity to hydroxyapatite
Targets Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
Stops osteoclasts from resorbing bone
What drug class is atenolol
Beta-blocker
Roel of atenolol
Antihypertensive
What condition is atenolol used for
- Hypertension
- ANgina
- Long QT syndrome
- Acute MI
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Ventricular tachycardia
- ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
What condition does atenolol increase the risk of
Diabetes type II
Symptoms of atenolol overdose
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension/shock
- Acute heart failure
- Hypoglycaemia
What receptor does atenolol bind to
Beta-1
When is Atracurium given
Provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation
How is Atracurium given
Injection into a vein
Side-effects of Atracurium
Low BP
Flushing of the skin
Paralysis in myasthenia gravis
CAUSES histamine release as soon as it is given
Bronchospasming
What family of drugs does atracurium belong to
Neuromuscular-blocker of non-depolarising type (ISOQUINOLINE)
Blocks ACh function
How is Atracurium degraded
Hofman elimination and ester hydrolysis
What is Hofmann elimination of drugs
Quaternary ammonium reacts with drug to create tertiary amine and alkene
What is Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide diuretic
How does bendroflumethiazide function
- Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter in DCT
- Increased excretion of Na, CL and water
- Effects Na-K channels too so K is also excreted
When id bendroflumethiazide given
Hypertension (cause vasodilatation by activating potassium channels)
Why is bendroflumethiazide not used in heart failure
Because loop diuretics are better for reducing overload
Side-effects of bendroflumethiazide
Feeling dizzy due to postural hypotension Dry mouth Nausea Fatigue Diarrhoea
SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH ALCOHOL
What is cefuroxime
Cephalosporin antibiotic
When is cefuroxime given
- Haemophilus influenza (children)
- Neiserria gonorrhoea
- Lyme disease
Special property of cefuroxime compared to other cephalosporin antibiotics
Can cross BBB
Side-Effect of cefuroxime
Nausea Vomting Diarrhoea Headaches Dizziness
How does cefuroxime work
Beta-Lactam antibiotic
Binds to proteins in bacterial cell wall inhibiting last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis
What type of antibiotic is cefuroxime
Bactericidal
Name some bacteria cefuroxime is used against
Aerobic Gram-positive: Staph Aureus, Strep. pneumonia
Aerobic gram-negative: E.coli, N.gonorrheoa
Drug interactions of cefuroxime
WARFARIN
Paracetamol (reduces elimination)
What drug is Celecoxib
NSAID
When is Celecoxib given
- Osteoarthritis
- RA
- Menstruation cramps
pharmacodynamic of Celecoxib
COX-2 inhibitor
1. Stops production of prostaglandin E2 (mediator of pain) which alleviates pain symptoms
Difference between celecoxib and other NSAIDs
Only targets COX-2 (others target COX-1 and 2)
Where is Celecoxib metaboliced
cytochrome P450 in the liver
How does Atracurium work
Binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites on motor end plate
What ACh inhibitor is used to reverse the effect of Atracurium
Neostigmine
What are bacteriostatic agents
These are chemical agents that stop bacteria from reproducing but does NOT kill them
What agent is CHLORAMPHENICOL
Bacteriostatic
Pharmodynamics of Chloramphenicol
LIPID-SOLUBLE so diffuses through bacterial cell membrane then reversibly binds to 50S subunit where transamination is prevented, inhibits peptide bond formation and subsequent protein synthesis
For what condition is Chlorphenicol given for
ACNE
Bacterial infection
