Drug List - Year 2

Question 1

Name an anti-emetic given for leukaemia disorders

Answer 1

ONDANSETRON

Question 2

How does ONDANSETRON work

Answer 2

5-HT3 antagonist

Question 3

How does 5-HT3 initiate the vomiting reflex

Answer 3

Serotonin is released by Eneterochromaffin cells in the small intestines in response to chemotherapy agents - initiates the voting reflex

Question 4

Where are 5-HT3 receptors found

Answer 4

CNS

Question 5

How is ONDANSETRON taken

Answer 5

Orally

Question 6

How do bisphoshpnates function

Answer 6

Aldendronate has a HIGh affinity to hydroxyapatite

Targets Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

Stops osteoclasts from resorbing bone

Question 7

What drug class is atenolol

Answer 7

Beta-blocker

Question 8

Roel of atenolol

Answer 8

Antihypertensive

Question 9

What condition is atenolol used for

Answer 9

1. Hypertension
2. ANgina
3. Long QT syndrome
4. Acute MI
5. Supraventricular tachycardia
6. Ventricular tachycardia
7. ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL

Question 10

What condition does atenolol increase the risk of

Answer 10

Diabetes type II

Question 11

Symptoms of atenolol overdose

Answer 11

1. Bradycardia
2. Hypotension/shock
3. Acute heart failure
4. Hypoglycaemia

Question 12

What receptor does atenolol bind to

Answer 12

Beta-1

Question 13

When is Atracurium given

Answer 13

Provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation

Question 14

How is Atracurium given

Answer 14

Injection into a vein

Question 15

Side-effects of Atracurium

Answer 15

Low BP
Flushing of the skin
Paralysis in myasthenia gravis

CAUSES histamine release as soon as it is given

Bronchospasming

Question 16

What family of drugs does atracurium belong to

Answer 16

Neuromuscular-blocker of non-depolarising type (ISOQUINOLINE)

Blocks ACh function

Question 17

How is Atracurium degraded

Answer 17

Hofman elimination and ester hydrolysis

Question 18

What is Hofmann elimination of drugs

Answer 18

Quaternary ammonium reacts with drug to create tertiary amine and alkene

Question 19

What is Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 19

Thiazide diuretic

Question 20

How does bendroflumethiazide function

Answer 20

1. Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter in DCT
2. Increased excretion of Na, CL and water
3. Effects Na-K channels too so K is also excreted

Question 21

When id bendroflumethiazide given

Answer 21

Hypertension (cause vasodilatation by activating potassium channels)

Question 22

Why is bendroflumethiazide not used in heart failure

Answer 22

Because loop diuretics are better for reducing overload

Question 23

Side-effects of bendroflumethiazide

Answer 23

Feeling dizzy due to postural hypotension 
Dry mouth 
Nausea
Fatigue
Diarrhoea 

SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH ALCOHOL

Question 24

What is cefuroxime

Answer 24

Cephalosporin antibiotic

Question 25

When is cefuroxime given

Answer 25

1. Haemophilus influenza (children) 2. Neiserria gonorrhoea 3. Lyme disease

Question 26

Special property of cefuroxime compared to other cephalosporin antibiotics

Answer 26

Can cross BBB

Question 27

Side-Effect of cefuroxime

Answer 27

``` Nausea Vomting Diarrhoea Headaches Dizziness ```

Question 28

How does cefuroxime work

Answer 28

Beta-Lactam antibiotic Binds to proteins in bacterial cell wall inhibiting last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 29

What type of antibiotic is cefuroxime

Answer 29

Bactericidal

Question 30

Name some bacteria cefuroxime is used against

Answer 30

Aerobic Gram-positive: Staph Aureus, Strep. pneumonia Aerobic gram-negative: E.coli, N.gonorrheoa

Question 31

Drug interactions of cefuroxime

Answer 31

WARFARIN | Paracetamol (reduces elimination)

Question 32

What drug is Celecoxib

Answer 32

NSAID

Question 33

When is Celecoxib given

Answer 33

1. Osteoarthritis 2. RA 3. Menstruation cramps

Question 34

pharmacodynamic of Celecoxib

Answer 34

COX-2 inhibitor | 1. Stops production of prostaglandin E2 (mediator of pain) which alleviates pain symptoms

Question 35

Difference between celecoxib and other NSAIDs

Answer 35

Only targets COX-2 (others target COX-1 and 2)

Question 36

Where is Celecoxib metaboliced

Answer 36

cytochrome P450 in the liver

Question 37

How does Atracurium work

Answer 37

Binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites on motor end plate

Question 38

What ACh inhibitor is used to reverse the effect of Atracurium

Answer 38

Neostigmine

Question 39

What are bacteriostatic agents

Answer 39

These are chemical agents that stop bacteria from reproducing but does NOT kill them

Question 40

What agent is CHLORAMPHENICOL

Answer 40

Bacteriostatic

Question 41

Pharmodynamics of Chloramphenicol

Answer 41

LIPID-SOLUBLE so diffuses through bacterial cell membrane then reversibly binds to 50S subunit where transamination is prevented, inhibits peptide bond formation and subsequent protein synthesis

Question 42

For what condition is Chlorphenicol given for

Answer 42

ACNE | Bacterial infection