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Year 2 > Drug List - Year 2 > Flashcards

Drug List - Year 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name an anti-emetic given for leukaemia disorders

A

ONDANSETRON

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2
Q

How does ONDANSETRON work

A

5-HT3 antagonist

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3
Q

How does 5-HT3 initiate the vomiting reflex

A

Serotonin is released by Eneterochromaffin cells in the small intestines in response to chemotherapy agents - initiates the voting reflex

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4
Q

Where are 5-HT3 receptors found

A

CNS

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5
Q

How is ONDANSETRON taken

A

Orally

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6
Q

How do bisphoshpnates function

A

Aldendronate has a HIGh affinity to hydroxyapatite

Targets Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase

Stops osteoclasts from resorbing bone

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7
Q

What drug class is atenolol

A

Beta-blocker

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8
Q

Roel of atenolol

A

Antihypertensive

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9
Q

What condition is atenolol used for

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. ANgina
  3. Long QT syndrome
  4. Acute MI
  5. Supraventricular tachycardia
  6. Ventricular tachycardia
  7. ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
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10
Q

What condition does atenolol increase the risk of

A

Diabetes type II

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11
Q

Symptoms of atenolol overdose

A
  1. Bradycardia
  2. Hypotension/shock
  3. Acute heart failure
  4. Hypoglycaemia
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12
Q

What receptor does atenolol bind to

A

Beta-1

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13
Q

When is Atracurium given

A

Provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation

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14
Q

How is Atracurium given

A

Injection into a vein

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15
Q

Side-effects of Atracurium

A

Low BP
Flushing of the skin
Paralysis in myasthenia gravis

CAUSES histamine release as soon as it is given

Bronchospasming

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16
Q

What family of drugs does atracurium belong to

A

Neuromuscular-blocker of non-depolarising type (ISOQUINOLINE)

Blocks ACh function

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17
Q

How is Atracurium degraded

A

Hofman elimination and ester hydrolysis

18
Q

What is Hofmann elimination of drugs

A

Quaternary ammonium reacts with drug to create tertiary amine and alkene

19
Q

What is Bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

20
Q

How does bendroflumethiazide function

A
  1. Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter in DCT
  2. Increased excretion of Na, CL and water
  3. Effects Na-K channels too so K is also excreted
21
Q

When id bendroflumethiazide given

A

Hypertension (cause vasodilatation by activating potassium channels)

22
Q

Why is bendroflumethiazide not used in heart failure

A

Because loop diuretics are better for reducing overload

23
Q

Side-effects of bendroflumethiazide

A 
Feeling dizzy due to postural hypotension 
Dry mouth 
Nausea
Fatigue
Diarrhoea

SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN WITH ALCOHOL

24
Q

What is cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic

25
Q

When is cefuroxime given

A
  1. Haemophilus influenza (children)
  2. Neiserria gonorrhoea
  3. Lyme disease
26
Q

Special property of cefuroxime compared to other cephalosporin antibiotics

A

Can cross BBB

27
Q

Side-Effect of cefuroxime

A 
Nausea
Vomting 
Diarrhoea 
Headaches
Dizziness
28
Q

How does cefuroxime work

A

Beta-Lactam antibiotic

Binds to proteins in bacterial cell wall inhibiting last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis

29
Q

What type of antibiotic is cefuroxime

A

Bactericidal

30
Q

Name some bacteria cefuroxime is used against

A

Aerobic Gram-positive: Staph Aureus, Strep. pneumonia

Aerobic gram-negative: E.coli, N.gonorrheoa

31
Q

Drug interactions of cefuroxime

A

WARFARIN

Paracetamol (reduces elimination)

32
Q

What drug is Celecoxib

A

NSAID

33
Q

When is Celecoxib given

A
  1. Osteoarthritis
  2. RA
  3. Menstruation cramps
34
Q

pharmacodynamic of Celecoxib

A

COX-2 inhibitor

1. Stops production of prostaglandin E2 (mediator of pain) which alleviates pain symptoms

35
Q

Difference between celecoxib and other NSAIDs

A

Only targets COX-2 (others target COX-1 and 2)

36
Q

Where is Celecoxib metaboliced

A

cytochrome P450 in the liver

37
Q

How does Atracurium work

A

Binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites on motor end plate

38
Q

What ACh inhibitor is used to reverse the effect of Atracurium

A

Neostigmine

39
Q

What are bacteriostatic agents

A

These are chemical agents that stop bacteria from reproducing but does NOT kill them

40
Q

What agent is CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

Bacteriostatic

41
Q

Pharmodynamics of Chloramphenicol

A

LIPID-SOLUBLE so diffuses through bacterial cell membrane then reversibly binds to 50S subunit where transamination is prevented, inhibits peptide bond formation and subsequent protein synthesis

42
Q

For what condition is Chlorphenicol given for

A

ACNE

Bacterial infection

Year 2 (155 decks)

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