Drug Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Three problems the pharmacy industry is facing

A
  1. Aging population
  2. Polypharmacy
  3. Lifestyle (e.g. usage over the counter drugs has increased)
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2
Q

What are the five risk factors faced by patients today

A
  1. Polypharmacy
  2. Old Age
  3. Genetics
  4. Hepatic Disease
  5. Renal Disease
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3
Q

What are three issues to consider with drugs

A
  1. A narrow therapeutic drug
  2. Steep dose
  3. Saturable metabolism
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4
Q

What five characteristics do we look for when considering the way a drug is absorbed

A
  1. Motility
  2. Acidity
  3. Solubility
  4. Complex formation
  5. Direct action on enterocytes
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5
Q

What main characteristic do we look for when considering how a drug is distributed

A

Protein binding

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6
Q

Three mechanisms of drug metabolism

A
  1. Action of CYP450
  2. Inhibition
  3. Induction
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7
Q

Name two types of CYP450 enzymes

A

CYP1A2

CYP3A4

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8
Q

Three most important classes of CYP

A

1,2,3

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9
Q

Consequence of drug A blocking metabolism of drug B (inhibition drugs)

A

More drug B stays in the plasma (increased effects)

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10
Q

Effect of induction drugs

A

Drug C induces CYP450 isoenzyme, leading to increased metabolism of drug D -> decreased therapeutic effects

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11
Q

What CYP is effected by grapefruit juice

A

CYP3A4

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12
Q

How does grapefruit juice affect CYP3A4

A

Increases bioavailability

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13
Q

What drug has major interaction with Antiarrythmic agents

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

What drug has major interactions with antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine

Terfenadine

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15
Q

Minor interactions of drugs with Ca Channel antagonists

A

Nimodipine
Nicardipine
Felopdipine
Nifedipine

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16
Q

Major drug interaction with Statins

A

Simvastatin

17
Q

Minor drug interaction with Statins

A

Atorvastatin

18
Q

Minor interaction drugs with immunosuppressants

A

Cyclosporin

Tacrolimus

19
Q

Two ways drugs are excreted

A

Renale

Biliary

20
Q

What factor effect renal excretion of drugs

21
Q

When are weak bases cleared faster

A

If urine is acidic

22
Q

When are weak acids cleared fastest

A

Urine is alkaline

23
Q

Name three weak acid drugs

A

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Warfarin

24
Q

Name there weak bases

A

Amphetamine
Atropine
Diazepam
Salbutamol

25
Three characteristics of pharmacodynamics
Receptor based Signal transduction (beta adrenergic receptors) Physiological systems
26
How do we avoid drug interactions
1. Rational prescription 2. BNF 3. Ward pharmacist 4. Internet 5. Medicines information service