HIV/ Aids symposium: Epidemiology and Confidentiality Flashcards
How many people live with HIV globally
36.9 million
What is the UNAIDS 90/90/90 goal
- 90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed
- 90% diagnosed on antiretroviral therapy
- 90% viral suppression for those on antiretroviral therapy by 2020
How many people in the UK have HIV
90,000
How many of the 90,000 HIVers in the UK were unaware of their infection
13%
What is responsible for the decline in HIV incidence
- Awareness
- Increased testing specificity
- ART
What’s the target diagnosis for HIV in 2020
Less than 500,000
What’s the target diagnosis for 2030
Less than 200,000
Target for the number of people receiving ART treatment
33 million
What group of people are mainly effected by HIv in the uk
GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
Three ways HIV is transmitted
Blood
STD
Vertical (mother to child)
How can HIV be prevented
- Vaccines
- STI control
- Circumcision
- HIV diagnosis
- Behavioural
- Needle exchange
What is PEP
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Preventative medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen to prevent infection from re-occuring
What type of sex is the most common form of HIV transmission
Receptive anal infection
What is behavioural response to HIV by the population
- Appropriate sex education
- Reduce frequency of partner change
- Avoid concomitant sexual partners
- Universal testing (not just gays or blacks)
- Partner notification
What is the most cost-effective way to prevent HIV
Early diagnosis
HIV status being made - reduces mother to child and access to appropriate treatment and care
Is pre-test HIV consoling a legal requirement
No
Does a negative HIv test have to be disclosed on applications for insurance
No
What do Life insurance people need to comply with
1 . Ignore single episodes or multiple episodes of non–serious STIs
- Ignore if the applicant has had a test
- Only know if the applicant is positive
Why do doctors not test for HIV
- Underestimate risk
- Fail to recognise clinical features
- Misconception that detailed pre-test counselling
- Anxieties about false postives
Significance of an undetectable HAART score
Untransmittable
Recognised risk factors for HIV
- Multiple sex partners
- High prevalence rape in areas
- Sexual contact in groups with high prevalence
When is PEP given
within 72 hours exposure to HIV
How long is PEP given for
1 month
What is the HIV screening test
- Venous blood sample
- p24 antigen detection at 4 weeks
- Salivary antibody screening
What is the HIV POCT test
- Finger prick blood
- Low sensitivity and specificity
- Chance of false positives
Advantages of Point of Care testing
- Increased patient choice
- Reduce transmission
- Easy access
- Early diagnosis
- Out-reach in community settings
Disadvantages of self-tests like POCT
- Incubation period undetected
- Misdiagnosed
- Inadequate partner notification
What do we do if we have a negative test in POCT
Repeat in window period
What does an individual do with a positive POCT result
- Phone GUM for advice and appointment within 48 hours
2. Explain the test
