Lab Practical #3 Flashcards
Characteristics of skeletal muscle?
Striated, voluntary, multinucleated. Looks like the rods
Characteristics of cardiac muscle?
Striated, involuntary, branches, 1 nucleus. Looks like ham or has gaps
Characteristics of smooth muscle?
Unstriated, involuntary, 1 nucleus. Spindly and more wavy than cardiac
Functions of muscles?
Movement, stability, control of body openings and passageways, heat production, glycemic control
Muscle shapes?
Fusiform, parallel, triangular, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, and circular
What is the origin?
Point of attachment for a muscle that doesn’t move
What is the insertion?
Point of attachment for a muscle that moves
What is an action?
Movement produced by contraction of a particular muscle
Where is the digastric muscle?
Below the chin, off center. Straight, and angles off toward the ear
Where is the stylohyoid muscle?
Diagonal and thin, from ear to hyoid bone
Where is the mylohyoid muscle?
Kind of triangular and thick from chin to mid-jaw, extending to hyoid. Inferior to digastric muscle
Go locate the digastric muscle
Done
Go locate the stylohyoid muscle
Done
Go locate the mylohyoid muscle
Done
Go locate the sternohyoid muscle
Done
Where is the sternohyoid muscle?
Long, extending from hyoid bone down the neck. Looks like a ray
Go locate the sternocleidomastoid muscles
Done
Where is the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Side of the neck, from temporal bones/mastoid process to the sternum. Rectangular
Locate the temporalis muscle
Done
Where is the temporalis muscle?
Over temporal bones
Locate the occipitalis muscle
Done
Where is the occipitalis muscle?
Back of head
Locate the masseter muscle
Done
Where is the masseter muscle?
Back of the jaw
Locate the frontalis muscle
Done
Where is the frontalis muscle?
Forehead
Locate the orbicularis oculi muscle
Done
Where is the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Circling the eyes
Locate the nasalis muscle
Done
Where is the nasalis muscle?
Nose
Locate the zygomaticus major muscle
Done
Where is the zygomaticus major muscle?
Diagonal from the corner of the mouth to the outer eye. Lower than minor
Locate the zygomaticus minor muscle
Done
Where is the zygomaticus minor muscle?
From the corner of the mouth diagonal, higher than major
Locate the orbicularis oris muscle
Done
Where is the orbicularis oris muscle?
Circling lips
Locate the buccinator muscle
Done
Where is the buccinator muscle?
Middle of cheeks, kinda deep and flat
Locate the pectoralis major muscles
Done
Where are the pectoralis major muscles?
Boobs
Locate the serratus anterior muscles
Done
Where are the serratus anterior muscles?
Anterior view, kind of the flayed part of the ribs beneath and lateral to pecs
Locate the transverse abdominal muscle
Done
Where is the transverse abdominal muscle?
Side of stomach, deepest of the walls. It’s the largest and it sits under the ribs
Locate the external abdominal muscle
Done
Where is the external abdominal muscle?
Side of stomach, most superficial of the walls. A bit higher than the transverse, covers a few ribs
Locate the internal abdominal muscle
Done
Where is the internal abdominal muscle?
Side of stomach, middle of the walls. Mostly focused on thr sides
Locate the rectus abdominis
Done
Where is the rectus abdominis?
6-pack area
Where is the linea alba?
The line of fascia running down the chest
Locate the linea alba
Done
Locate the trapezius muscles
Done
Where are the trapezius muscles?
Diamond-shaped ones on the back of the neck
Locate the deltoid muscle
Done
Where is the deltoid muscle?
Basically the shoulder muscle
Locate the supraspinatus tendon
Done
Where is the supraspinatus tendon?
On the scapula, it’s like resting on/above that raised horizontal ridge. It’s kind of on top of the shoulder a bit
Locate the infraspinatus tendon
Done
Where is the infraspinatus tendon?
Right below the raised horizontal part of the scapula, pretty thick and overlays a lot of it
Locate the teres major
Done
Where is the teres major tendon?
Bottom of the scapula
Locate the teres minor
Done
Where is the teres minor tendon?
Like, on the outer half of the scapula, above teres major and below infraspinatus
Locate the subscapularis
Done
Where is the subscapularis?
Covering the anterior surface of the scapula. Deep to the actual bone
Locate the triceps brachii
Done
Where is the triceps brachii?
From a posterior view, below the scapula in the upper arm and sorta medial
Locate the biceps brachii
Done
Where is the biceps brachii?
From an anterior view of the upper arm, it’s the 2 muscles taking up most of the upper arm w/ the 2 thin attachments to the scapula
Locate the brachialis
Done
Where is the brachialis?
From an anterior view, in the lower half of the upper arm, beneath the biceps brachii
Locate the brachioradialis
Done
Where is the brachioradialis?
From an anterior view, on the lateral side of the forearm around the elbow area
Locate the pronator teres
Done
Where is the pronator teres?
In anterior view, diagonal from elbow center to thumb side of arm
Locate the flexor carpi radialis
Done
Locate the flexor carpi ulnaris
Done
Where is the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Running up the pinkie basically in anatomical position
Locate the palmaris longus
Done
Where is the palmaris longus?
In the forearm, anterior view, spindle shaped and running from the elbow to all of the fingers. Between flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis
Locate the extensor carpi ulnaris
Done
Where is the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Running down the forearm, when the palm is down, near the pinkie side
Locate the extensor carpi radialis
Done
Where is the extensor carpi radialis?
From palm-down anterior view, in the forearm, next to the brachioradialis, from elbow to thumb
Locate the extensor digitorum
Done
Where is the extensor digitorum?
“Back” of the hand up to the middle of the forearm
Locate the tensor fasciae
Done
Where is the tensor fasciae?
In anterior view, kinda where the hip dips are. Upper, outer leg
Locate the adductor magnus
Done
Where is the adductor magnus?
In the middle of the inner thigh, flat and rectangular and reaching to the knee
Locate the adductor longus
Done
Where is the adductor longus?
In an anterior view, in the thigh and sorta in the center. Connecting from pelvis to femur and above the magnus
Locate the gracilis
Done
Where is the gracilis?
In an anterior view, the thin muscle running down the inner thigh
Locate the sartorius
Done
Where is the sartorius?
In an anterior view, the long muscle running diagonally down the thigh. Then it continues to the knee
Locate the vastus lateralis
Done
Where is the vastus lateralis?
In an anterior view, in the thigh and on the lateral side of the femur
Locate the rectus femoris
Done
Where is the rectus femoris?
In an anterior view of the thigh, it basically overlays the femur
Locate the vastus medialis
Done
Where is the vastus medialis?
In an anterior view of the thigh, medial to the thigh bone and next to the rectus femoris
Locate the vastus intermedius
Done
Where is the vastus intermedius?
In an anterior view of the thigh, deep to the rectus femoris
Locate the gluteus maximus
Done
Where is the gluteus maximus?
Butt
Locate the biceps femoris
Done
Where is the biceps femoris?
In a posterior view, connecting to gluteus maximus on lateral side
Locate the semitendinosus
Done
Where is the semitendinosus?
Posterior view of the thigh, connecting to gluteus maximus in the middle
Locate the semimembranosus
Done
Where is the semimembranosus?
In posterior view of thigh, connecting to semitendinosus medially
Locate the gastrocnemius
Done
Where is the gastrocnemius?
Posterior view of leg, it’s in the lower leg and takes up most of it. From popliteal, down
Locate the achilles tendon
Done
Where is the achilles tendon?
Yknow
Locate the soleus
Done
Where is the soleus?
Deep to the gastrocnemius, in the lower leg in a posterior view. But a little lower
Locate the fibularis longus
Done
Where is the fibularis longus?
Laterally attached to the fibula in an anterior view
Locate the tibialis anterior
Done
Where is the tibialis anterior?
In anterior view, attaching to tibia
Where is the myofibril of the muscle cell?
The cylinder with the tiny dots on the top of the model
Where is the mitochondria of the muscle cell?
The ovals with squigglies between the cylinders
Where is the brainstem on the sheep brain?
The stem. Yknow
Where is the cerebellum on the sheep brain?
Little round thing on the bottom
Where is the cerebrum on the sheep brain?
Cerebrum
What are the things to label on station 23 (presumably)
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
What do sulci look like?
Shallow grooves on the cerebrum
What do gyri look like?
Raised wormlike things on the cerebrum
What does the pineal gland look like on the sheep brain?
The dark round thing in the middle of the brain from bottom view
What do the lateral ventricles look like on the sheep brain?
From a side view, up in the cerebrum, the dark curve surrounded by the white curve
Where is the nucleus of the muscle cell?
The purple thing sticking out of the outer layer’s side
Where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell?
The white net-looking stuff around the cylinders
Where is the triad of the muscle cell?
The white-blue-white horizontal lines
Where is the transverse tubule of the muscle cell?
The blue horizontal tube
Where is the sarcomere of the muscle cell?
The dark single band in the middle of the cylinder
Go label the muscle diagram
Done
Where is the neurosoma of the neuron model?
The cell body
Where is the myelinated axon of the neuron model?
The beige lumpy part, the outer shell. Not exactly centered
Where is the axon hillock of the neuron model?
The red, widened part of the neurosoma
Where is the nucleus of the neuron model?
The clear part in the soma
Where are the nissl bodies of the neuron model?
The blue little bits on the soma
Where are the synaptic knobs of the neuron model?
The translucent red parts coming off of the soma
Where is the nucleus of the Schwann cell of the neuron model?
The protruding disc on the edge of the myelinated axon
Go label the neuron model
Done
Where is the Schwann cell of the neuron model?
The beige stuff, labeled in the middle
Where is the node of ranvier of the neuron model?
The indentation on the myelinated axon
Where is the mitochondria of the neuron model?
The rounded cell w/ squigglies inside
Where is the myelin sheath of the neuron model?
In the cross section view, it’s the beige part
Where is the basal lamina of the neuron model?
The gray wood-looking section
Where are the dendrites of the neuron model?
The soma-colored processes leading off of the soma
Where is the soma in the spinal cord smear slide?
The big part
Where is the nucleus in the spinal cord smear slide?
The dark part inside the soma
Where are the glial cells in the spinal cord smear slide?
The tiny dots around the soma
Where is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord?
TBH takes up most of the cervical region
Label the spinal cord
Done
What order from highest to lowest is the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
Where is the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord?
In the thoracic region, toward the bottom
Where is the medullary cone of the spinal cord?
The very bottom of the thoracic region
Where is the cauda equina of the spinal cord?
The spaghetti-looking thing in the lumbar region
Where is the terminal filum of the spinal cord?
At the bottom, where all the nerves split and go different ways
Where is the posterior median sulcus on the spinal cord slide?
When the smaller gray matter is on top, it’s the line in the top center
Where is the posterior horn on the spinal cord slide?
The smaller protrusion on the dark part
Label the spinal cord slide
Done
Where is the gray commissure of the spinal cord slide?
The horizontal dark strip connecting the horns
Where is the white matter of the spinal cord slide?
The white/lighter stuff
Where is the central canal of the spinal cord slide?
That small little dot in the middle of the gray commissure
Where is the anterior horn on the spinal cord slide?
The larger bump on the gray matter
Where is the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord slide?
The line in the center that’s between the larger lumps
Where is the posterior median sulcus on the model?
The line in the center between the smaller gray lumps
Where is the anterior median fissure on the model?
The line in the center between the larger gray lumps
Where is the gray matter on the model?
The dark center part of the spinal cord section
Where is the posterior horn on the model?
The smaller lump on the gray part
Where is the lateral horn on the model?
The part pointing outward on the gray part
Where is the anterior horn on the model?
The larger lump on the gray part
Where is the gray commissure on the model?
The horizontal line between the gray lumps
Where is the white matter on the model?
The white part of the spinal cord
Where is the posterior column on the model?
The white part between the small bumps on top
Where is the lateral column on the model?
The right and left white parts of the model
Where is the anterior column of the model?
The bottom part of the white part, between the 2 larger bumps on the spinal cord
Where is the dura mater of the model?
The gray band beneath the wrinkly one with black spots
Where is the arachnoid mater of the model?
The white band above the gray gap
Where is the subarachnoid space of the model?
The dark gray gap above the spinal cord
Go label the spinal cord model
Done
Where is the pia mater of the model?
The white lining of the spinal cord
Where is the central canal of the model?
The tiny dot in the middle of the spinal cord
Where is the spinal nerve on the model?
On the left side, it’s the gray bumpy thing that attaches to the yellowed thing
Where is the posterior root on the model?
On the left side, the kind of grossly yellow bulbous thing. Specifically, the thin part
Where is the posterior root ganglion on the model?
On the left side, the bulb part of the yellowed bulbous thing
Where is the anterior/ventral root on the model?
On the left, the thinner yellowish thing right next to/below the bulbous one
Where is the sympathetic ganglion on the model?
Honestly i dont know. I think number 15. On the spinal cord model, the yellow nerves
What are the plexuses?
Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
What are the spinal nerve groupings?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
Major nerves in the spinal cord?
The sciatic nerve, at the bottom kinda forming a Y
Where is the skull on the 1/2 head?
The bone
Where is the dura mater on the 1/2 head?
Right beneath the bone layer
Where is the arachnoid mater on the 1/2 head model?
The thin layer under the dura mater
Where is the pia mater on the 1/2 head model?
Adhering to the cerebrum
Where is the gray matter on the 1/2 head model?
The darker part on the outer layer and the dark part inside
Where is the white matter on the 1/2 head model?
The inner part of the brain
Where is the subdural space on the 1/2 head model?
The little part under the dura mater, mostly where the cerebrum dips
Where is the subarachnoid space on the 1/2 head model?
The little root-like space under the arachnoid mater
Where are the lateral venticles on the brain diagram?
The kind of horn shaped things inside the brain. When you look at it from the back
Go label the brain diagram
Done
Where is the third ventricle in the brain diagram?
The smaller one in the middle of the lateral ones
Where is the cerebral aqueduct in the brain diagram?
The thin stem-like thing running down the center, attached to third ventricle
Where is the fourth ventricle on the brain diagram?
The one right by the brainstem, the dark thicker part
What do fissures on the brain look like?
Deeper grooves between lobes
What does the precentral gyrus look like?
When you look at the brain from the top, it’s the first of the horizontal gyri
What does the postcentral gyrus look like?
When you look at the brain from the top, it’s the lower of the horizontal gyri
Where is the frontal lobe?
The front of the brain
Where are the parietal lobes?
The top-side ones
Where are the temporal lobes?
Over the temporal bones
Where is the occipital lobe?
In the back of the head
What does the longitudinal fissure look like?
The vertical fissure/groove running down the center of the brain from a top view
Where is the corpus callosum on a median section of the brain?
The big light hook-looking thing in the middle
Where is the thalamus on the median sectioned brain?
The oval thing in the middle
Go label a median sectioned brain
Done
Where is the hypothalamus on a median section brain?
Diagonal in front and down from the thalamus, the ballsack looking part
Where is the pituitary gland on a median section brain?
The lowest light front part. Little teardrop looking part
Where is the mammillary body on a median section brain?
The dark little part in the lower middle of the brain
Where is the optic chiasm on a median section brain?
The front of the “hook” that is the white part. Not the higher part, the lower one
Where is the pineal gland on a median section brain?
At the base of the “hook” that is the white part, it’s the little bump
Where is the cerebral peduncle on a median section brain?
The vertical striped stuff on the brainstem. Or on the sheep brain it’s the light pointed part of the stem that’s up towards the cerebrum
Where is the corpora quadrigemina on a median section brain?
The lump connecting to the cerebellum. The cat’s mouth
Where is the medulla oblongata on a median section brain?
The lowest part of the brainstem
Where is the cerebellum on a median section brain?
Wrinkly thing
Where is the cortex on a median section brain?
The gray matter in the back
Where is the arbor vitae on a median section brain?
The white matter in the back
Where is the cerebral aqueduct on a median section brain?
The darker part/tunnel between the cerebellum and the brainstem
Where is the fourth ventricle on a median/sagittal section brain?
The dark lump on the back of the brainstem on the cerebellum side
What are the cranial nerves?
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
Label the sheep brain
Done
Where is the cerebrum of the sheep brain?
Yknow
Where is the olfactory bulb of the sheep brain?
In the front of the cerebrum, the little thing sticking out
Where is the olfactory tract of the sheep brain?
The stem attaching to the olfactory bulb (bulb is the part sticking out of frontal lobe)
Where is the cerebral peduncle of the sheep brain?
On the bottom of the brain, it’s the large arch between the X and the brainstem
Where is the pons of the sheep brain?
The bulb on the spinal cord
Where is the medulla oblongata of the sheep brain?
The thicker part of the brainstem
Where is the optic nerve of the sheep brain?
One of the lines through the X
Where is the optic chiasm of the sheep brain?
The X
Where is the mammillary body of the sheep brain?
Small arch just beside the X. Inferior to it
Label the reflex arc model
Done
Where is the receptor on the reflex arc model?
The skin section
Where is the afferent neuron on the reflex arc model?
The yellow nerve
Where is the interneuron on the reflex arc model?
The brain section
Where is the effector neuron on the reflex arc model?
The red nerve
Where is the effector on the reflex arc model?
The muscle
Label all of the muscles you can
Done
What does the olfactory nerve do?
Smell
What does the optic nerve do?
Vision
What does the oculomotor nerve do?
Eye and eyelid movements and focusing/constricting
What does the trochlear nerve do?
Eye movements
What does the trigeminal nerve do?
Sense touch, temperature, and pain throughout the face
Mnemonic for remembering cranial nerves?
OLd OPie Occasionally TRies TRIgonometry And Feels Very GLOomy, VAGue, And HYPOactive
What does the abducens nerve do?
Lateral eye movement
What does the facial nerve do?
Taste, make expressions, secrete tears, saliva, and nasal and oral mucus
What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?
Hearing and equilibrium
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Taste, touch, pressure, pain, temperature from tongue and ear, regulate blood pressure and breathing, salivate, swallow, and gag
What does the vagus nerve do?
Taste, hunger, GI discomfort, swallow, speak, decelerates heart, bronchoconstriction, GI secretion and motility
What does the accessory nerve do?
Swallow, head neck and shoulder movements
What does the hypoglossal nerve do?
Tongue movements
