Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy
The study of form
What is inspection?
Visual
What is palpation?
Feeling with fingers
What is auscultation?
Listening
What is percussion?
Tapping on the body
What is medical imaging?
Viewing the inside of the body without surgery
What is gross anatomy?
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
What is histology?
Examination of tissues w/ microscope
What is cytology?
Study of structure and function of cells
What is physiology?
The study of function
How do anatomy and physiology relate to each other?
Something’s form determines its’ function, and vice versa
What is the hierarchy of complexity?
Atoms -> molecules -> organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism
What is an organism?
A single, complete individual
What is an organ system?
A group of organs with a unique collective function. 11 total
What is an organ?
A structure composed of 2+ tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function
What are cells?
The simplest body structure considered alive
What are organelles?
Microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its’ individual functions
What are the characteristics of life?
Organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, homeostasis, development, evolution, and reproduction
Typical physiological values for a man?
22y/o, 154lb, 2800kcal/day
Typical physiological values for a woman?
22y/o, 128lb, 2000kcal/day
What is homeostasis?
The ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions
What is negative feedback?
A function of homeostasis, works to negate/reverse a change
What is a receptor?
Structure that senses change in the body
What is an integrating center/control center?
Processes sensory information, makes a decision, and directs response
What is an effector?
Cell or organ that carries out corrective action to restore homeostasis
What is positive feedback?
A self-amplifying cycle, leads to more change in same direction
What is a gradient?
A difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature, or pressure between 2 points
How do matter and energy move in regard to gradients?
They flow down, from high concentration to low concentration
What is cell theory?
All structure and function result from the activity of cells
What is radiography?
AKA X-rays, a type of medical imaging to show dense tissue which appears white
What is a CT scan?
Low-intensity X-rays and computer analysis
What is an MRI for?
Best for soft tissue
What does a PET scan do?
Assess metabolic state of tissue, and distinguish tissues most active at the moment
How do PET scans work?
They inject radioactively labeled glucose to see where the energy is used
What is sonography?
High-frequency sound waves echo back from internal organs
