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‱ > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin

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2
Q

Target of follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Ovaries and testes

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3
Q

Function of follicle stimulating hormone?

A

In females, grow ovarian follicles and secrete estrogen. In males, produce sperm

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4
Q

Target of luteinizing hormone?

A

Ovaries and testes

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5
Q

Function of luteinizing hormone?

A

In females, responsible for ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum. In males, responsible for testosterone secretion

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6
Q

Target of growth hormone?

A

Liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat

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7
Q

Function of growth hormone?

A

Tissue growth all over the body, but especially in the target tissues

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8
Q

Target of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thyroid gland

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9
Q

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Grows the thyroid and secretes thyroid hormone

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10
Q

Target of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

A

Adrenal cortex

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11
Q

Function of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

A

Stimulate release of cortisol

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12
Q

Target of prolactin?

A

Mammary glands

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13
Q

Function of prolactin?

A

Milk synthesis

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14
Q

What does the posterior pituitary release?

A

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

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15
Q

Target of antidiuretic hormone?

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

Function of antidiuretic hormone?

A

Water retention

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17
Q

Target of oxytocin?

A

Uterus and mammary glands

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18
Q

Function of oxytocin?

A

Labor contractions, milk letdown, ejaculation, sperm transport, sexual affection, and mother-infant bonding

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19
Q

What does the pineal gland release?

A

Melatonin

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20
Q

Target of melatonin?

A

Brain

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21
Q

Function of melatonin?

A

Unknown, but may influence mood and sexual maturation

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22
Q

What does the thyroid gland release?

A

Thyroid hormone and calcitonin

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23
Q

Target of thyroid hormone?

A

Most tissues

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Target of calcitonin?

A

Bone

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26
Q

Function of calcitonin?

A

Stimulates bone deposition, in kids especially

27
Q

What does the parathyroid gland release?

A

Parathyroid hormone

28
Q

Target of parathyroid hormone?

A

Bone, kidneys, and small intestine

29
Q

Function of parathyroid hormone?

A

Raise blood calcium level by stimulating bone resorption, inhibiting deposition, reducing urinary calcium excretion, and enhancing calcitriol synthesis

30
Q

What does the thymus release?

A

Thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin

31
Q

Target of thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin?

A

Immune cells

32
Q

Function of thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin?

A

Stimulates T lymphocyte development and activity

33
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release?

A

Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and androgens

34
Q

Target of aldosterone?

35
Q

Function of aldosterone?

A

Promote salt and water retention and potassium excretion, maintain blood pressure and volume

36
Q

Target of cortisol?

A

Most tissues

37
Q

Function of cortisol?

A

Stimulate fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair

38
Q

Target of androgens?

A

Bone, muscle, integument, brain, and more

39
Q

Function of androgens?

A

Promote growth of bones, pubic and axillary hair, apocrine glands, and fetal male reproductive tract, and stimulate libido

40
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

41
Q

Target of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

Most tissues

42
Q

Function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

Promote alertness, raise metabolic rate, stimulate circulation and respiration, increase blood glucose level, inhibit insulin secretion and glucose uptake for organs besides brain

43
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

44
Q

Target of insulin?

A

Most tissues

45
Q

Function of insulin?

A

Stimulate glucose and amino acid uptake, lower blood glucose level, promote glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis

46
Q

Target of glucagon?

A

Liver, primarily

47
Q

Function of glucagon?

A

Stimulate amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fat breakdown, raise blood glucose and fatty acid levels

48
Q

What do the ovaries secrete?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

49
Q

Target of estrogen?

A

Many tissues

50
Q

Function of estrogen?

A

Stimulate female reproductive development and adolescent growth, regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation

51
Q

Target of progesterone?

A

Uterus and mammary glands

52
Q

Function of progesterone?

A

Regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation

53
Q

What do the testes secrete?

A

Testosterone

54
Q

Target of testosterone?

A

Many tissues

55
Q

Function of testosterone?

A

Stimulate fetal and adolescent reproductive development, musculoskeletal growth, sperm production, and libido

56
Q

What does the skin secrete?

A

Cholecalciferol

57
Q

What does the liver secrete?

A

Calcidiol, angiotensinogen, erythropoietin, hepcidin, and insulin-like growth factor

58
Q

What do the kidneys secrete?

A

Angiotensin I, calcitriol, and erythropoietin

59
Q

What does the heart secrete?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

60
Q

What do the stomach and small intestine secrete?

A

Cholecystokinin, gastrin, ghrelin, peptide yy, and other enteric hormones

61
Q

What does the placenta secrete?

A

Estrogen, progesterone

62
Q

What are the steroids?

A

Aldosterone, androgens, calcitriol, corticosterone, cortisol, estrogens, and progesterone

63
Q

What are the monoamines?

A

Dopamine, epinephrine, and melatonin

64
Q

What are the peptides?

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, calcitonin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, gastrin, ghrelin, glucagon, growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and hepcidin

‱ (40 decks)

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