Hormones

Question 1

What does the anterior pituitary release?

Answer 1

Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin

Question 2

Target of follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 2

Ovaries and testes

Question 3

Function of follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 3

In females, grow ovarian follicles and secrete estrogen. In males, produce sperm

Question 4

Target of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 4

Ovaries and testes

Question 5

Function of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 5

In females, responsible for ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum. In males, responsible for testosterone secretion

Question 6

Target of growth hormone?

Answer 6

Liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat

Question 7

Function of growth hormone?

Answer 7

Tissue growth all over the body, but especially in the target tissues

Question 8

Target of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 8

Thyroid gland

Question 9

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 9

Grows the thyroid and secretes thyroid hormone

Question 10

Target of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

Answer 10

Adrenal cortex

Question 11

Function of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?

Answer 11

Stimulate release of cortisol

Question 12

Target of prolactin?

Answer 12

Mammary glands

Question 13

Function of prolactin?

Answer 13

Milk synthesis

Question 14

What does the posterior pituitary release?

Answer 14

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 15

Target of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

Function of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 16

Water retention

Question 17

Target of oxytocin?

Answer 17

Uterus and mammary glands

Question 18

Function of oxytocin?

Answer 18

Labor contractions, milk letdown, ejaculation, sperm transport, sexual affection, and mother-infant bonding

Question 19

What does the pineal gland release?

Answer 19

Melatonin

Question 20

Target of melatonin?

Answer 20

Brain

Question 21

Function of melatonin?

Answer 21

Unknown, but may influence mood and sexual maturation

Question 22

What does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 22

Thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 23

Target of thyroid hormone?

Answer 23

Most tissues

Question 25

Target of calcitonin?

Answer 25

Bone

Question 26

Function of calcitonin?

Answer 26

Stimulates bone deposition, in kids especially

Question 27

What does the parathyroid gland release?

Answer 27

Parathyroid hormone

Question 28

Target of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 28

Bone, kidneys, and small intestine

Question 29

Function of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 29

Raise blood calcium level by stimulating bone resorption, inhibiting deposition, reducing urinary calcium excretion, and enhancing calcitriol synthesis

Question 30

What does the thymus release?

Answer 30

Thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin

Question 31

Target of thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin?

Answer 31

Immune cells

Question 32

Function of thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin?

Answer 32

Stimulates T lymphocyte development and activity

Question 33

What does the adrenal cortex release?

Answer 33

Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and androgens

Question 34

Target of aldosterone?

Answer 34

Kidney

Question 35

Function of aldosterone?

Answer 35

Promote salt and water retention and potassium excretion, maintain blood pressure and volume

Question 36

Target of cortisol?

Answer 36

Most tissues

Question 37

Function of cortisol?

Answer 37

Stimulate fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair

Question 38

Target of androgens?

Answer 38

Bone, muscle, integument, brain, and more

Question 39

Function of androgens?

Answer 39

Promote growth of bones, pubic and axillary hair, apocrine glands, and fetal male reproductive tract, and stimulate libido

Question 40

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 40

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 41

Target of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 41

Most tissues

Question 42

Function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 42

Promote alertness, raise metabolic rate, stimulate circulation and respiration, increase blood glucose level, inhibit insulin secretion and glucose uptake for organs besides brain

Question 43

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 43

Insulin and glucagon

Question 44

Target of insulin?

Answer 44

Most tissues

Question 45

Function of insulin?

Answer 45

Stimulate glucose and amino acid uptake, lower blood glucose level, promote glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis

Question 46

Target of glucagon?

Answer 46

Liver, primarily

Question 47

Function of glucagon?

Answer 47

Stimulate amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fat breakdown, raise blood glucose and fatty acid levels

Question 48

What do the ovaries secrete?

Answer 48

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 49

Target of estrogen?

Answer 49

Many tissues

Question 50

Function of estrogen?

Answer 50

Stimulate female reproductive development and adolescent growth, regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation

Question 51

Target of progesterone?

Answer 51

Uterus and mammary glands

Question 52

Function of progesterone?

Answer 52

Regulate menstrual cycle and pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation

Question 53

What do the testes secrete?

Answer 53

Testosterone

Question 54

Target of testosterone?

Answer 54

Many tissues

Question 55

Function of testosterone?

Answer 55

Stimulate fetal and adolescent reproductive development, musculoskeletal growth, sperm production, and libido

Question 56

What does the skin secrete?

Answer 56

Cholecalciferol

Question 57

What does the liver secrete?

Answer 57

Calcidiol, angiotensinogen, erythropoietin, hepcidin, and insulin-like growth factor

Question 58

What do the kidneys secrete?

Answer 58

Angiotensin I, calcitriol, and erythropoietin

Question 59

What does the heart secrete?

Answer 59

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 60

What do the stomach and small intestine secrete?

Answer 60

Cholecystokinin, gastrin, ghrelin, peptide yy, and other enteric hormones

Question 61

What does the placenta secrete?

Answer 61

Estrogen, progesterone

Question 62

What are the steroids?

Answer 62

Aldosterone, androgens, calcitriol, corticosterone, cortisol, estrogens, and progesterone

Question 63

What are the monoamines?

Answer 63

Dopamine, epinephrine, and melatonin

Question 64

What are the peptides?

Answer 64

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, calcitonin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, gastrin, ghrelin, glucagon, growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and hepcidin