Exam 2 part 2 Flashcards
What mean arterial pressure means your circulation is good?
60
General functions of WBCs?
Protect body from infections
Normal range of WBC count?
5000-10000 WBCs per microliter (u’s symbol)
Least abundant formed element of the blood?
Leukocytes
How long are WBCs in the blood vessels?
Not for long, they quickly migrate into connective tissue
What is the production of whole blood called?
Hemopoiesis
What is the production of red blood cells called?
Erythropoiesis
What is the production of white blood cells called?
Leukopoiesis
Another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What do myeloblasts turn into?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
What do monoblasts turn into?
Monocytes
What do lymphoblasts turn into?
Lymphocytes
What produces platelets?
Megakaryocytes
What makes WBCs immunocompetent?
The thymus
What do lymphocytes do?
Provide long-term immunity, lasting decades
What are the granulocytes?
Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
Most abundant granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Least abundant granulocytes?
Basophils
What are the agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Most abundant agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes
Least abundant agranulocytes?
Monocytes
What type of illness do neutrophils aid in?
Bacterial infections
What type of illness do eosinophils aid in?
Parasitic infections
What do basophils do?
Secrete histamine, a vasodilator, and heparin, an anticoagulant
What do lymphocytes do?
Provide immune memory
What do monocytes do?
Turn into macrophages in the connective tissue
General function of each WBC type?
Leukocytes - long-term immunity
Monocytes - turn into macrophages
Eosinophils - parasitic infections
Neutrophils - bacterial infections
Basophils - histamine and heparin
What is leukopenia?
A low WBC count, under 5,000 per microliter, due to poisons, disease, or radiation
What is leukocytosis?
A high WBC count, above 10,000 per microliter, due to allergies and certain diseases
What do thrombocytes secrete?
Procoagulants, chemicals that attract neutrophils, and growth factors
What is the cessation of bleeding called?
Hemostasis
Steps of hemostasis?
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation
What is factor X?
A clotting factor for both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of clotting
What is a thrombus?
A stationary clot
What is an embolus?
Anything that can travel in the blood and block blood vessels
What breaks down clots?
t-PA
What is the buffy coat?
The WBC and platelet layer in the blood
Most abundant plasma protein?
Albumin
Functions of albumin?
Viscosity and osmotic pressure of blood
Is glucose or glycogen in the blood?
Glucose. Remember blood sugar
What is agglutination?
Clumping of red blood cells
What causes agglutination in blood-typing?
Antibodies attacking antigens
What do erythrocytes transport?
Oxygen AND carbon dioxide
What is hemoglobin made of?
Heme and globin groups
What does heme do?
It has iron which binds oxygen for transport
What does globin do?
Transport carbon dioxide
How do RBCs die?
After about 120 days, they head to the spleen and liver and get broken down by the narrow blood vessels
What is polycythemia?
Excess RBC count
Hematocrit for men and women?`
42 to 52% for men, 37 to 48% for women
What triggers RBC production?
Erythropoietin, made by the liver when experiencing hypoxia
What is pernicious anemia?
Can’t absorb vitamin B12 because the stomach doesn’t make enough intrinsic factor
Hemoglobin concentration numbers?
13-18 g/dL for men and 12-16 g/dL for women
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?
When an Rh- mother produces Rh+ antibodies due to a pregnancy or transfusion and then has an Rh+ baby, the antibodies will attack the baby’s antigens
Acronym for leukocytes concentration from most to least abundant?
NLMEB
Normal blood pH?
7.35 to 7.45, slightly basic/alkaline
Blood pressure equation
BP = cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance
What affects SVR?
Vasomotion
What does sepsis cause?
Massive vasodilation and very low BP
What is the mediastinum?
The space between the lungs where the heart is located
What is the base of the heart?
The superior, wide portion
What is the apex of the heart?
The inferior, pointy portion