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BDS1 > Infection hazards in dentistry > Flashcards

Infection hazards in dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Name of e-learning programme for all healthcare professionals

A

Scottish Infection Prevention and Control Education Pathway

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2
Q

How many microorganisms per ml of saliva?

A

10^8

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3
Q

How many cultivable bacterial species are present in saliva?

A

350

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4
Q

What is a prion?

A

A misfolded protein that causes neurone degeneration in the brain

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5
Q

Disease caused by prions

A

vCJD

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6
Q

How is vCJD transmitted?

A

consumption of meat from cows with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

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7
Q

Impact of prions on clinical decontamination

A

Prions are resistant to steam sterilisation and radiation so instruments must be cleaned and sterilised.

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8
Q

Diseases caused by viruses

A

respiratory and blood borne infections

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9
Q

Droplet transmission definition

A

droplets of saliva and mucus (over 5 um) spread by coughs and sneezes

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10
Q

Airborne transmission definition

A

tiny particles less than 5um that are suspended in the air for longer and travel further than droplets

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11
Q

Aerosols vs droplets

A

aerosols remain suspended due to size/environment whereas droplets fall to a surface due to gravity/momentum of exhaled air

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12
Q

Factors that contribute to airborne transmission

A

poor ventilation, prolonged exposure, high confidence activities (generate more aerosols)

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13
Q

What evidence supports that COVID transmission was airborne not droplet?

A

Transmission rate is higher indoors and it is reduced by ventilation (doesn’t impact droplet transmission)

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14
Q

In 2021, the Scottish gov provided £5 mil for dentists to reach how many air changes per hour?

A

10 air changes per hour (was recommended in 2006!)

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15
Q

What may occupational asthma be caused by?

A

Exposure to contaminated dental unit waterlines (DUWL) containing bacterial endotoxin

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16
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

Lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

17
Q

What is considered to be poor ventilation?

A

1-3 l/s/person

18
Q

What is the desired ventilation?

A

8-10 l/s/person

19
Q

the 3 Cs that increase transmission of respiratory viruses

A

crowding, closed setting, close contact

20
Q

What are the benefits of ventilation?

A

improves health, concentration, sleep quality, environment, reduces absences and air pollutants.

21
Q

Examples of blood borne viruses

A

hepatitis B and C

22
Q

Why should antibiotics not be given for toothache?

A

only way to cure toothache is to drain pus and extract

23
Q

Most common yeast infection in oral cavity

A

Candida albicans

24
Q

2 types of oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans

A

erythematous (red) candidiasis, pseudomembranous (false membrane) candidiasis

25
Q

Name of new fungal superbug causing outbreaks in healthcare settings

A

candida auris

26
Q

What is the hierarchy of controls for hazardous environments?

A

Most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE

27
Q

Example of an elimination to control a hazardous environment

A

discontinued use of hazardous disinfectants. Safety syringes used to be most common sharps injury so they have eliminated the need to remove the needle.

28
Q

What do engineering controls achieve?

A

Isolate people from the hazard

29
Q

Examples of engineering controls

A

rubber dam, high volume aspiration, ventilation (extractor at foot of chair)

30
Q

What are zoonotic diseases?

A

infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

31
Q

Chain of infection model

A

mode of transmission -> portal of entry -> susceptible host -> infectious agent -> reservoir -> portal of exit

BDS1 (50 decks)

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