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BDS1 > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Occulomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Function of cranial nerves

A

provide sensory and motor nerve supply to head and neck

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerve fibres?

A

Oculomotor (III), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)

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4
Q

Name of nerve that carries information from the brain to the periphery

A

efferent (motor) nerve

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5
Q

Name of nerve that carries information from the periphery to the brain

A

afferent (sensory) nerve

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6
Q

What are mixed cranial nerves?

A

Carry information from the periphery to the brain (afferent), and from the brain to the periphery (efferent)

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7
Q

What does it mean if a nerve is classified as special?

A

If the nerve carries information from our special senses (vision, smell, gustation, hearing, balance).

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8
Q

What does it mean if a nerve is classified as general?

A

Carries information from/to everywhere else in the body except special senses e.g. other sensory information - touch, pressure, pain, temp.

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9
Q

What does it mean if a nerve is classifies as somatic?

A

The nerve carries information to/from the skin or skeletal muscles.

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10
Q

What does it mean if a nerve is classifies as visceral?

A

Carries information to/from internal organs

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11
Q

How are nerves classified?

A

Special/general, somatic/visceral, afferent/efferent

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12
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve - special somatic afferent (sensory) nerve that innervates the olfactory mucosa within nasal cavity.

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13
Q

Function of CN I

A

Olfactory nerve carries information about smell from the nasal cavity to the brain. (sensory)

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14
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve - special somatic afferent (sensory) nerve that innervates the retina.

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15
Q

Function of CN II

A

Optic nerve - sensory. Carries visual information from the retina to the brain.

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16
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve - somatic and visceral efferent (motor) nerve. Innervates all extraocular muscles except those supplied by CN IV (trochlear) and CN VI (abducens) - superior oblique and rectus muscles

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17
Q

Function of CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve innervates most extraocular muscles (except superior oblique and lateral rectus). Enables eye movement, pupil constriction (miosis) and lens adjustment.

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18
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve - general somatic efferent (motor) nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle.

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19
Q

Function of CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, playing a role in eye movement (down and out).

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20
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mixed nerve containing both special visceral efferent (motor) and general somatic afferent (sensory) nerve fibres.

21
Q

What do the motor fibres in the trigeminal nerve (CN V) innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid

22
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) supply?

A

Scalp, face, orbit, sinuses, anterior 2/3 of tongue.

23
Q

3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), maxillary nerve (CN V2), mandibular nerve (CN V3).

24
Q

Dermatomes of CN V1 (ophthalmic nerve)

A

Forehead, orbit, nose

25
Q

Dermatome of CN V2 (maxillary nerve)

A

Zygomatic region and upper lip

26
Q

Dermatome of CN V3 (mandibular nerve)

A

Innervates buccal skin, lower lip, skin of mandibular region

27
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens nerve - general somatic efferent nerve (motor) that innervates lateral rectus muscle (one of the extraocular muscles).

28
Q

Function of CN VI

A

Abducens nerve is involved in eye movement by innervating the lateral rectus muscle.

29
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve - sensory and motor (and parasympathetic) nerve fibres.

30
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the facial nerve (CN VII) innervate?

A

middle ear, nasal cavity, soft palate, anterior 2/3 of tongue

31
Q

What do the motor fibres of the facial nerve (CN VII) innervate?

A

Muscles of facial expression, and lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, basal and palatine glands.

32
Q

Function of facial nerve (CN VII)

A

Facial expressions, secretion of glands, gustation.

33
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve - special somatic afferent nerve (sensory).

34
Q

What are the 2 parts of CN VIII?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve is comprised of the vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve.

35
Q

Function of cochlear component of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

A

Enables hearing

36
Q

Function of vestibular component of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

A

Mediates balance and motion

37
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve - motor (and parasympathetic) and sensory nerve fibres.

38
Q

What do the motor fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervate?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors, parotid gland, stylopharyngeus.

39
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue, middle ear, pharynx, epiglottis, soft palate, tonsils

40
Q

Function of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve enables deglutition, salivation, gustation, sensation in oral cavity.

41
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus nerve - motor (parasympathetic) and sensory fibres.

42
Q

What do the motor fibres of the vagus nerve (X) innervate?

A

Thoracic and abdominal viscera (heart, lungs, bronchi, GIT), laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles.

43
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the vagus nerve (X) innervate?

A

epiglottis, thoracic and abdominal viscera (heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GIT, external ear).

44
Q

Function of CN X

A

Vagus nerve controls gland secretion, peristalsis, rest and digest (slows heart rate and breathing, increases gut motility).

45
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve - efferent nerve (motor) that innervates the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and laryngeal muscles.

46
Q

Function of CN XI

A

Accessory nerve allows neck movement by innervating the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and shoulder raises by innervating the trapezius muscles, and phonation by innervating the laryngeal muscles.

47
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve - general somatic efferent nerve that innervates muscles of the tongue.

48
Q

Function of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve enables tongue movements by innervating intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus).

BDS1 (50 decks)

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